QUESTIONS 249 



Respiration is believed to be due to a stimulus 

 resulting from the alternate distention and collapse 

 of the walls " of the pulmonary alveoli a mechanic 

 action. 



The inspiratory centre can be influenced directly 

 by nerve impulses being transmitted from the brain 

 in response to voluntary acts, or emotional states, 

 sighing, etc., also indirectly by nerve impulses reflected 

 to the centre from the surfaces of the skin and mucous 

 membranes through afferent nerves; as cold applied 

 to the skin, irritating gases to the nasal and bronchial 

 mucous membranes, and collapse or distention of the 

 pulmonary alveoli. 



QUESTIONS 



1. Name the organs of respiration. 



2. What effect has the nasal mucous membranes upon the air 

 we breathe? 



3. What is dyspnea? 



4. What is the organ of the voice? 



5. Give the relations of the larynx. 



6. How many cartilages form the larynx? Name them. 



7. Which cartilage forms the Adam's apple? 



8. What is the rima glottidis? 



9. Describe the true and false vocal cords. 



10. Which muscles open the glottis? Close it? 



11. Which muscles regulate the tension of the vocal cords? Relax 

 them? 



12. What do you understand by the term phonation? 



13. How is articulate speech produced? 



14. Name the number of rings in the trachea. 



15. What variety of epithelium lines the trachea and what is its 

 function? 



16. Are there glands in the trachea, and to what variety do they 

 belong? 



17. Where do the bronchi enter the lungs? 



18. Are the pleurae closed sacs? 



19. What do you understand by the terms visceral and parietal 

 pleura? 



20. Where is the pleural cavity located? Does it contain fluid? 



21. What membranes cover the lung? 



22. Name the parts of each lung. 



23. What structures form the root of the lung?* 



24. How many lobes has the right lung? The left? 



25. Give the microscopic structure of the lung. 



