THE SECRETING GLANDS 295 



Differences in chemical composition of human and 

 cows' milk (Holt): 



Woman's milk Cows' milk 



average average 



per cent per cent. 



Fat 4.00 4.00 



Sugar 7.00 4.50 



Proteins 1.50 3.50 



Salts 0.20 0.75 



Water . 87.30 87.25 



100.00 100.00 



By the above it will be seen that cows' milk has an 

 excess of proteins and salts, and is deficient in sugar. 



The secretion of milk is influenced by emotional 

 states, both as to quantity and quality, due to some 

 connection between the nerve centres and the gland 

 cells. 



Colostrum. This is the first fluid secreted by the 

 breasts after the birth of the infant. It is a liquid 

 which resembles milk, and contains epithelial cells, 

 fat globules, colostrum corpuscles. Colostrum is 

 richer than the milk, containing more lactose and 

 inorganic salts. According to some authors it contains 

 compounds which act as a laxative to the newborn. 



The Liver (Hepar). Description of the Liver. The 

 liver is the largest gland of the body, and fills the 

 entire hypochondrium, the greater portion of the 

 epigastrium, sometimes extending into the left hypo- 

 chondrium. It weighs from 50 to 60 ounces in the 

 male; 40 to 50 ounces in the female. Constitutes 

 one-eighteenth of the body weight in the adult, and 

 one-thirty-sixth of the body weight in the fetus. It 

 measures, transversely, from 8 to 9 inches; antero- 

 posterior, 4 to 5 inches, and vertically, near its right 

 surface, about 6 or 7 inches. Its specific gravity is 

 1.05. 



The liver presents a superior surface which includes 

 the right and left lobes; an inferior surface, including 

 the right, left, caudate, spigelian, and quadrate lobes; 



