420 ORGANS OF REPRODUCTION 



Its inner surface presents a mesial ridge or raphe on 

 the front and back walls, the columnse rugarum, and 

 from them on both sides run out transverse folds or 

 rugse. 



THE INTERNAL ORGANS OF REPRODUCTION 



(FEMALE) 



The internal organs include the uterus, tubes, and 

 ovaries. 



The Uterus. The uterus or womb is a hollow mus- 

 cular organ lying in the pelvis between the bladder 

 and rectum. In the virgin it is pear-shaped, flattened 

 from before backward, its upper end looking forward 

 and upward, its lower downward and backward, 

 f orniing an angle with the vagina. Above, it is invested 

 by the peritoneum, which covers its body before and 

 behind; it covers also the cervix behind, but in 

 front the peritoneum is reflected on to the bladder 

 before reaching the cervix. The two folds of peri- 

 toneum after investing the uterus are applied to each 

 other, reaching across to the lateral pelvic walls forming 

 the broad ligaments. 



The uterus is 3 inches long, 2 wide, and 1 thick, 

 and it weighs about 1 ounce. It is divided into a 

 body, fundus, and neck. The fundus is the convex 

 part above the entrance of the tubes; the body is the 

 part between this and the neck. In front of the 

 Fallopian tubes, at the upper part of the lateral 

 borders, the round ligaments are attached, and below 

 and behind them are the ligaments of the ovaries. 

 The cervix is the lower constricted, rounded part, and 

 around it is attached the vagina. At its vaginal end 

 is a round opening, the os uteri. 



The cavity of the uterus is small; that part within 

 the body is triangular, flattened anteroposteriorly, 



