FAUNA OF THE POST-PLIOCENE. 379 



have taken place since the period of their accumulation. We 

 have, however, no means at present of judging of the lapse of 

 time thus indicated except by analogies and comparisons which 

 may be disputed. 



6. The human implements which are associated with the 

 remains of extinct Mammals, themselves bear evidence of an 

 exceedingly barbarous condition of the human species. Post- 

 Pliocene or " Palaeolithic " Man was clearly unacquainted with 

 the use of any of the metals. Not only so, but the workman- 

 ship of these ancient races was much inferior to that of the 

 later tribes, who were also ignorant of the metals, and who 

 also used nothing but weapons and tools of stone, bone, &c. 



7. Lastly, it is only with the human remains of the Post- 

 Pliocene period that the palaeontologist proper has to deal. 

 When we enter the "Recent" period, in which the remains of 

 Man are associated with those of existing species of Mammals, 

 we pass out of the region of pure palaeontology into the do- 

 main of the Archaeologist and the Ethnologist. 



LITERATURE. 



The following are some of the principal works and memoirs 

 to which the student may refer for information as to the Post- 

 Pliocene deposits and the remains which they contain, as well as 

 the primitive races of mankind : 



(1) 'Elements of Geology.' Lyell. 



(2) ' Antiquity of Man.' Lyell. 



(3) Talaeontological Memoirs.' Falconer. 



(4) ' The Great Ice-age.' James Geikie. 



(5) ' Manual of Palaeontology.' Owen. 



(6) ' British Fossil Mammals and Birds.' Owen. 



(7) ' Cave-Hunting.' Boyd Dawkins. 



(8) ' Prehistoric Times.' Lubbock. 



(9) ' Ancient Stone Implements.' Evans. 



(10) 'Prehistoric Man.' Daniel Wilson. 



(u) 'Prehistoric Races of the United States.' Foster. 



(12) 'Manual of Geology.' Dana. 



(13) 'Monograph of Pleistocene Mammalia.' (Palaeonto- 



graphical Society). Boyd Dawkins and Sanford. 



(14) ' Monograph of the Post-Tertiary Entomostraca of 



Scotland, &c., with an Introduction on the Post- 

 Tertiary Deposits of Scotland' (Ibid.) G. S. Brady, 

 H. W. Crosskey, and D. Robertson. 



(15) "Reports on Kent's Cavern "--' British Association Re- 



ports.' Pengelly. 



(16) "Reports on the Victoria Cavern, Settle "' British 



Association Reports.' Tiddeman. 



(17) ' Ossemens Fossiles.' Cuvier. 



