URINE. 253 



If we calculate the ratios of these constituents to 100 parts 

 of solid residue, and compare them with the average ratios in 

 normal urine, we shall arrive at the results noticed in page 343, 

 viz. that in the urine in typhus the urea falls below the physio- 

 logical average, the uric acid is increased, and the fixed salts 

 are much diminished. 



In 100 parts of the solid residue of the urine in typhus, 

 there are contained : 



urine contain 



Analyses 



100 parts of the solid 

 residue of normal 



Urea 23'6 25-0 26'8 22-6 22-0 287 31'2 31'8 32-3 39'0 



^cid } 2 ' 7 2<1 1>6 3 ' 2 ' 9 3 ' 2 4 ' 8 1 ' 6 2-1 1>5 



FlYPf? "1 



salts j 6 ' 3 ' 4 4>0 11 ' 1 ~ ~~ 6 ' 3 4 ' 8 4>1 25 ' 8 



[Scherer 1 has made several analyses of the urine in typhus, 

 which differ in some points from those of Simon. He observes 

 that, in many cases, the urine is tolerably abundant in lactic 

 acid and extractive matters, and continues so throughout the 

 case, whether it terminate fatally or not. In a few cases the 

 urine was alkaline, and this generally occurred when the fever 

 assumed a very low or putrid form, or when the contents of 

 the bladder had not been discharged for some time ; and that 

 not unfrequently, after being acid, it became alkaline, and then 

 again acid. In the most severe cases it usually contained a 

 little albumen. 



The urea was never increased except in those cases in 

 which the secretion was much diminished, and was often much 

 below the normal standard. As a general rule, the fixed salts 

 were considerably diminished, and the ammonia-salts increased. 

 There was always an excess of uric acid, which usually sepa- 

 rated, after standing, in the form of small red crystals, on the 

 sides of the vessel ; this was especially observed when there was 

 much pulmonary congestion. No critical phenomena indicated 

 the commencement of reconvalescence. Scherer has published 

 the following analyses : 



1. A woman aged 38 years, with slow nervous fever. The 

 urine on the ninth day contained, in 1000 parts : 



1 Untersuchungen, &c. p. 65. 



