URINE. 343 



turbid, of an unpleasant smell, and a saltish bitter taste. When 

 allowed to rest, a quantity of the carbonates of lime and mag- 

 nesia was deposited ; it had an alkaline reaction, frothed on 

 the addition of an acid, and had a specific gravity of from 1030 

 to 1050. 1000 parts contained : 



Water .... 940-0 

 Solid constituents . 60'0 



Urea . 



Hippurate of soda 

 Chloride of potassium 

 Carbonate of soda 

 Carbonate of lime 



7-0 

 24-0(?!) 



9-0 



9-0 

 11-0 



This analysis probably requires further confirmation. I 

 found a larger amount of urea in the urine of a horse suf- 

 fering from ozsena; for from 1000 parts I obtained 50 of urea; 

 and after the horse had fasted for four days, I still found 

 24-1. In the urine of another horse, the solid constituents 

 amounted to 10- 7 of the urine, and the urea to 5-06g, or about 

 one half of the solid residue. 



From my own observations, I should say that the urine of 

 horses is generally of a straw colour, is at first acid, but soon 

 becomes ammoniacal, and then emits the peculiar penetrating 

 odour which is doubtless caused by the formation of a volatile 

 fatty acid, although I was unable to isolate it. The urine, 

 after it has become alkaline, is often so tenacious and viscid 

 that it can be drawn up in long threads. The microscopic 

 examination of the urine of the horse exhibits a great number 

 of rounded corpuscles, from the size of mucus-corpuscles to 

 four times that size, which burst upon pressure of the glass 

 slips between which the fluid is examined. Fourcroy and 

 Vauquelin, after evaporating the urine of the horse, separating 

 the urea as a nitrate, and neutralizing the acid by an alkali, 

 found a small quantity of reddish fat, which volatilises over the 

 water-bath, and is considered to be the cause of the smell and 

 colour of the urine. 



[The urine of the horse has been recently analysed by 

 Von Bibra 1 and Boussingault. 



In two analyses of the urine of the same horse, made at dif- 

 ferent periods, Yon Bibra found : 



1 Annalen der Chemie und Pharmacie, 1845, No. 1. 



