M1CES. 381 



In typhous diarrhoea the motions are frequently very bulky, 

 of a chocolate colour, frothy, mixed with black dissolved blood, 

 and not giving off the peculiar odour of dysenteric evacuations, 

 but rather a cadaverous smell. In bilious diarrhoea the bile- 

 pigment is mixed with the fluid motions, which are less copious 

 than in the former case. 



In enteritis mucosa the stools, especially those which are 

 discharged during the night, are thin, and, in addition to the 

 mucus and fsecal matters coloured yellow by bile-pigment, 

 contain a peculiar flocculent mass, like exuded lymph, which, 

 on more accurate examination, seems to consist of purulent and 

 fatty matter. Blood is likewise sometimes found in these stools. 



In abdominal typhus the stools are very characteristic; in 

 the first stage they do not differ very much from the normal 

 state ; they are sometimes very firm, sometimes very thin and 

 watery. In a more advanced stage of the disease, they sepa- 

 rate when shaken in a glass vessel into two strata; the lower 

 one forms a slightly yellow flocculent mass, while the upper 

 one is composed of a cloudy, whey -like fluid. On examining 

 the flocculent material under the microscope, I found that it 

 was composed, for the most part, of small lumps of mucus or 

 pus, of an amorphous yellow matter probably coagulated al- 

 bumen with bile-pigment, of a comparatively small quantity of 

 epithelium, and sometimes of extremely numerous and beau- 

 tifully formed crystals of ammoniaco-magnesian phosphate, 

 such as are depicted in fig. 27 : sometimes we find, as also in 

 phthisis intestinalis, small white masses about the size of a 

 millet, or half as large as a hempseed; they are easily triturated 

 and then have a greasy appearance ; when examined under the 

 microscope they appear to be composed of cells similar to pri- 

 mary cells or what are called the globules of inflammation. The 

 contents of these spherical cells, which are inclosed in a very 

 delicate membrane, are coarsely granulated and escape on the 

 least pressure. 



In some of the larger parent cells, I found smaller cells with 

 nuclei. I dried a portion of the flocculent precipitate ; on in- 

 cinerating the residue I obtained 32 of salts, of which nearly 

 one half, namely, 14*6 were earthy phosphates. 



The whey-like fluid which is above the sediment, is usually 

 tolerably rich in albumen. It coagulates, or at any rate be- 

 comes turbid on the application of heat or nitric acid. In 



