INTESTINAL CONCRETIONS. 467 



cart-horse ; it was round,, perfectly smooth, of a grayish-yellow 

 colour, weighed about 12 J ounces, was 3 inches and 7 lines in 

 diameter, 11 inches in circumference, and consisted of 3 strata 

 which were deposited round a fragment of granite. All three 

 laminae were composed of ammoniaco-magnesian phosphate 

 with a little of the alkaline phosphates, but without any phos- 

 phate of lime. The second lamina had a radiating structure, 

 and between the rays woody fibres might be detected. The 

 central portion, about the size of a walnut, presented the 

 appearance of a brown urinary calculus ; the outer layer closely 

 resembled common jasper. An- analysis yielded : 



Analysis 164. 



Ammoniaco-magnesian phosphate . 8 I'll 



Phosphates of potash and soda . . 1-50 



Sand .... 0-60 



Vegetable fibre . . . 0-58 



Alcohol-extract . . . 0'50 



Water-extract . . . 0-50 



Water and loss . . . 15-19 



I have analysed some of the concretions in the museum of 

 the Berlin Veterinary College. Some small, flat, reniform, 

 grayish brown concretions from the colon of a horse con- 

 sisted chiefly of pure ammoniaco-magnesian phosphate aggre- 

 gated around very minute nuclei of metallic lead. A flat, 

 grayish brown concretion, of the size of a pigeon's egg, taken 

 from the colon of a horse, contained, in addition, some phos- 

 phate of lime ; the nucleus was a fragment of brick. The 

 external layer of a gastric concretion from a horse, weighing 

 8 pounds, consisted principally of ammoniaco-magnesian phos- 

 phate combined with some phosphate of lime, and the external 

 layer of a large calculus found in the intestines had a perfectly 

 similar composition. Some small, triangular, smooth and white 

 concretions from 'the stomach of a Dutch mastiff, when frac- 

 tured, presented a beautiful, white, sparkling, crystalline cha- 

 racter, and were composed of the same constituents ; the 

 quantity of phosphate of lime was, however, very small. The 

 external layer of an intestinal concretion from an ass exhibited 

 white and chalky lamellae, with little firmness. It consisted 

 of carbonate of lime, with a small admixture of phosphate of 

 lime. 



Carbonate of lime, such as I observed in the concretion 



