APPENDIX. 519 



On examining with the microscope the fluid immediately after 

 its discharge, there were found in it a large number of infusoria, 

 and a peculiar confervoid-like vegetation. 



PAGE 15. Fluid of ranula. Dr. Gorup-Besanez 1 has pub- 

 lished an elaborate paper on this subject, in which, after dis- 

 cussing at considerable length the question whether the tumour 

 constituting ranula arises from an obstruction of Wharton's 

 duct, and contains retained and modified saliva, or whether it 

 is a species of ordinary cystic tumour, he arrives at the latter 

 conclusion. In 100 parts of fluid he found : 



Water .... 95-029 



Solid constituents . . . 4-971 



Alcohol- extract, traces of fat, and chloride"! , ACO 



of sodium . . ./ 



Water-extract (gluten ?) . . 0-923 



Albuminate of soda . . 2-986 



The microscope detected in the fluid some blood-corpuscles 

 and globules which were at least twice as large as the corpus- 

 cles of mucus or saliva, and resembled Gluge's inflammatory 

 globules. 



Hence the liquid differed entirely, both chemically and mi- 

 croscopically, from saliva. 



PAGE 19. The bile. Frerichs 2 has recently analysed bile 

 both in health and disease. He gives the following as the 

 physical characters of healthy human bile. 



In colour it is always deep brown, but, when seen in thin 

 layers, it has a brownish yellow tint. It is very fluid, being 

 viscid only in new-born infants. , The specific gravity varies 

 from 1032 to 1040. On examining with the microscope bile 

 from the gall-bladder, with which, of course, a certain amount 

 of mucus is mixed, there are observed: 1. Transparent or 

 grayish round vesicles, about 1 -700th of a line in diameter. 

 They disappear on the addition of alcohol or ether, and are 

 removed by filtration. 2. Conical yellow bodies, about l-140th 

 of a line in length, and about 1 -300th or 1 -400th of a line in 

 breadth, apparently devoid of nuclei ; these are epithelium-cells 

 from the gall-bladder. 3. Here and there irregular dark granules, 



1 Heller's Archiv fur Phys. und Patholog. Chemie und Mikroskopie, vol. ii, p. 22. 



2 Hannov. Annal. 1 and 2, 1845. 



