540 APPENDIX. 



The occasional constituents are : 



1. Crystals of uric acid, even when there is a deficiency of 

 that constituent in the urine. 



2. Urate of ammonia, generally in the early stages. 



3. Pus-corpuscles, usually in the latter stages. 



4. Blue crystals of uroglaucin, usually after the urine has 

 stood for some time. 



5. Ammoniaco-magnesian phosphate, when the urine con- 

 tains carbonate of ammonia. 



The specific gravity of the urine in this disease is variable ; 

 its limits in Heller's cases were 1006 and 1048. 



The reaction is usually acid, often strongly so, In some of 

 the cases in which the acidity was most marked, the urine con- 

 tained neither uric nor hippuric acid. 



Albumen (according to Heller) is always present ; the quan- 

 tity is, however, very variable, and is smallest in children. 



Uroxanthin is always present in large quantity. 



The urea exists in diminished quantity. 



The uric acid is at first increased, but subsequently dimi- 

 nishes, and almost disappears. 



The salts collectively are much diminished, the diminution 

 corresponding with the progress of the disease. The earthy 

 phosphates and chloride of sodium can sometimes hardly be 

 detected. 



We are now enabled to compare the composition of the 

 blood, urine, and dropsical effusions in this form of disease. 



From a general view of the preceding analyses, (see pp. 494, 

 515,) it appears that these fluids are a state of antagonism. 



The water which is retained in the system in consequence of 

 the partial suppression of urine, does not remain in the blood, 

 but collects in the form of dropsical effusions. 



The albumen, which generally occurs in large quantity in 

 the urine, is taken from the blood, which in the way loses a 

 large quantity of this constituent. 



This is the way in which most of the albumen is removed, 

 for the subcutaneous dropsical effusions contain very small 

 quantities of it. 



When, however, dropsy occurs independently of disease of 

 the kidneys, albumen in large quantity is found in the effusions. 



