394 VALERIANACEiE. (VAIiERIAN FAMILY.) 



Var. liispidula, Boiss. Bracts hispidulous — Middle region of 



Mt. St. Catherine (Sinai). 



* * * Perennials. Inner hracts long connate, flattened, l)oat-8haiied. 



6. C. maritima, L. 1|! Stems procumbent, shrubby at base, 

 white. Leaves in fours, short oblonjr-lanceolate, leathery, densely 

 imbricated at base of stems and along branches. Spikes dense, ovate 

 to oblong-lanceolate, .02 to .04 long ; outer bract ovate to ovate-ellip- 

 tical, acuminate, inner ovate-oblong ; corolla once and a half as long 

 as bracts — Spring — Sands near Jaffa, and southward to Egypt. 



10. I§H£RARI>IA, L. Field Madder. 



Flowers perfect, capitate, involucrate. Calyx-tube ovate, margin 

 6-toothed, persistent, growing. Corolla funnel-shaped, with 4, non- 

 appendaged lobes. Fruit dry ; mericarps 3-toothed at apex — 

 Annuals, with aspect of Galium. Y\q^. 220 



S. arveiisis, L. © Little Field Madder. 

 .1 to .4, branching from base, branches 

 decumbent or ascending. Lower leaves in twos 

 and fours, obovate, mucronate, the others in 

 sixes, oblong-obovate to linear-lanceolate. 

 Flowers 4-8, nearly sessile ; involucre leaves 

 connate at base, oblong-lanceolate, longer than 

 lilac flowers ; mericarps rough, a little shorter 

 than crown — Spring — Fields ; everywhere. 



Involucre and flowers of 

 S. arvensis. 



Order LIV. VALERIAIVACE^. (Valerian Family). 



Annual o'r perennial herls, with opj^osite leaves and 

 no stipules ; the calyx-ticbe coherent with the ovary, which 

 has only one cell, or one fertile and two abortive ones / sta- 

 mens free, \A, fewer than the lobes of the corolla, inserted^ 

 on its tube — Flowers regular or irregular, hermaphrodite or 

 dioecious; limb of calyx obsolete, dentate, or expanded into 

 pappus ; corolla tubular or funnel-form, base of tube of- 

 ten gibbous or spurred, 3-5-lobed. Fruit dry, indehiscent. 



* Calyx-limb involute in flower, expanded in fruit to a feathery pappuJt. 

 L VALERIANA. Corolla gibbous above base. Stamens 3. 



H. CENTRANTHUS. Corolla more or less spurred at base. Stamen I, 



* * Calyx-limb dentate or crown-like in fruit, regular or irregular, or 0. 

 2, VALERIANELLA. Corolla without protuberance or spur. Stamens 3. 



1. VAEERIANA, L. Valerian. BasMshat-ul-Eur. 



Calyx-limb involute during flowering, expanded in fruit into a 

 feathery pappus. Corolla tubular- funnel-shaped, gibbous above base, 

 5-lobed. Stamens 3. Fruit 1-celled — Perennial herbs. 



