400 DiPSACE^. (teasel family.) 



2. I>. laciniatus, L. 1 to 1.5, prickly, Leaves setose- 

 ciliate, sessile, the lowest tapering at base, the others connate at base, 

 crenate-lobed or pinnatifid. Pales ollong — May to September — 

 Fields ; Coelesyria to Damascus, Amanus, and northward. 



3. CEPHALARIA, Schrad. Cephalaria. 



Involucel 4- angled, grooved, (in ours) 4-8-toothed at apex. Calyx 

 limb basin-shaped, many-toothed. Corolla 4-fid. Receptacle chaffy. 

 Involucre composed of several rows of imbricated scales — Perennial 

 herbs, often shrubby at base, or annuals, usually tall. 



' * Annuals. 



t Leaves lyrate or piimatisect. Flowers white or pinkish. 



1. C. setosa, Boiss. et Hoh. © .6 to .8, more or less bristly. 

 Heads .03 broad ; bracts and ^:>aZ(fs ovate-ohlong^ tomentellous, light- 

 green, ciliate-margined, abruptly narrowed into a brownish awn ; teeth 

 of involucel eight, four subulate, half or more than half as long as invo- 

 lucre, the other four intermediate, very short — June — Rocky places, 

 Gilead to Coelesyria, Antilebanon, Amanus, Marash, Aintab, and east- 

 ward, and northward. 



2. C. teneSIa, Paine. .2 to .5, branching above, notbristly. 

 Heads .006 to .008 iu diameter ; bracts deUoid-orhiculir, purplish : 

 TtsAes subulate, aristate ; involucel silky, teeth 4, shorter than tube — 

 Spring — Top of Jebel Hiisha'. 



3. C. Joppeii»(is. Spreng. .6 to 2, sparingly bristly, diffusely 

 branched. Heads .01 long ; bracts ovate, obtuse, silky ; pales some- 

 what truncate, mucronate ; teeth of involucel 8. equal, a little longer 

 than base of calyx — Summer — Common in fields and by roadsides. 



1 1 Leaves undivided, or with few, minute lobes at base. Floicers equal, blue. 



4. C. Syriaca, L. .5 to 1.5, bristly ; stem Fig. 228. 

 stiff, trivaricately branched ahove. Leaves sessile or 



nearly so, the lower oblong-lanceolite, entire or serrate, 

 often .1 to .15 long, the upper linear, entire. Pedun- 

 cles hug, stiff, or heads in forks sessile ; heads ovate, 

 .02 long ; bracts and pales obavate, ending abruptly 

 in a long awn ; involucel hirsute, truncate, wi'^h 4 

 awns, much longer than calyx-limb, and 4 interme- 

 diate, half or less than half as long — Spring — Fields ; 

 common throughout. • 



Var. Boi§§leri, Reut. Heads .02 to .03 long. 

 Longer flowerets overtopping awns of pales — Huleh ; 

 Beirut ; Aintab. 



Var. sessili§, Boiss. Plant low^er, and spreading more than in 

 type. Leaves often dentate only at middle of margins. Alar flowers 

 all sessile or nearly so. Heads often not more than .01 long — Com- 

 mon. 



* * Perennials. 



t Hairs stellate-scurfy. Flowers yellow. 



5. C stellipilis, Boiss. 2|! .2 to .6, woolly-canescent ; stems 

 numerous, wand-like, sparingly branched. Lower leaves oblong-spath- 



