422 COMPOSITJS. (composite family.) 



appendages at base. Akenes cylindrical, furrowed. Bristles of pappus 

 in many rows, rigid, gradually lengthening from outer to inner — 

 Bushy plants, with stiff branches and prickly leaves. 



1. 1 . jisiiiperifoEia, Cass. 5 -3 to .5, glabrous ; branches 

 intricate, forked, corymbose above. Leaves linear, pinnatipartite to 

 base into 2-6, prickly lobes. Outer scales of involucre ovate, obtuse, 

 abruvtly mucronate, inner lanceolate — Spring — Callirrhoe to Sinai 

 and Egypt. 



2. I. §ceil>ra, DC. ^ .3 to .5, glandular-scabrous, corymbose. 

 Leaves oblong to linear, with 2-4, short spines at base. Scales of in- 

 volucre glandular, the outer triangular, tapering into a prickle, the 

 inner linear — Spring — Dead Sea to Sinai and Egypt. 



17. VARTHEMIA, DC. Varthemia. 



Heads discoid, obconical. Flowerets tubular, all perfect, 5-tooth- 

 ed. Scales of involucre few, truncate. Receptacle honey-combed. 

 Anthers caudate at base, appendages frequently ragged. Akenes some- 

 what compressed. Bristles of pappus numerous, scabrous, nearly in 1 

 row, twice as long as akene — Shrubby, branching, unarmed plants, 

 distinguished from Inula by somewhat flattened akenes. 



1. V. montana, Vahl. 5 Huneideh. A to .5, woolly with 

 yellow glands interspersed ; stems wand-like, branching from middle, 

 branches rigid, short, 1-3-headed. Leaves ovate-oblong, half-clasping, 

 the lower .025 long, .01 broad, those of branches and peduncles small, 

 scale-like, spreading ; outer scales of involucre somewhat glutinous, ob- 

 long, spreading-recurved at tip, inner longer, linear — August — Rocky 

 soil at base of Sinai. Used by the Arabs as a remedy for diarrhoea. 



2. V. iphlonoides, Boiss. et Bl. 5 -5 to .6, tomentellous, 

 stems brittle, terete, branching, paniculate from base ; branches short. 

 Lea\?es oblong-spathulate to spathulate-linear, .01 to .015 long, .006 broad 

 at tip, slightly tapering toward base, half-clasping, the upper much 

 smaller, oblong, crowded at base of heads. Scales of involucre to- 

 mentellous, erect, loose, the outer oblong, obtuse, the inner^ linear, 

 membranous — September and October — Rocks ; coast to middle 

 mountain zones and interior plains. 



3. V. caiiclican§, Del. 5 -^ ^^ -^j vehety-2mbescent ; branches 

 erect or diffuse, leafy. Leaves linear-spathulate, obtuse, revolute- 

 margined, the lower .025 long, .008 broad, the upper smaller. Heads 

 3-5 at ends of branches ; scales of involucre few, erect, obtuse, the 

 outer herbaceous, oblong, the upper linear — Autumn — Borders ot 

 Egyptian desert, and westward. 



1§. PUI.ICAKIA, Gsertn. Flkabane. 



Heads many-flowered, heterogamous. Marginal flowerets in 1 row, 

 strap-shaped, pistillate, those of disk perfect, tubular, 5-toothed. In- 

 volucre imbricated in several rows. Receptacle naked. Anthers 

 bicaudate at base, appendages bordered with ragged fringe. Akenes 

 beakless. Pappus in 2 rows, the outer very short, crown-like, toothed, 

 persistent, the inner composed of brittle, scabrous bristles — Annual or 

 perennial herbs. 



