424 COMPOSITE. (COMPOSITE FAMILY.) 



volucre imbricated. Receptacle naked. Antliers bicaudate at base 

 with fringed bristles. Akenes beakless. Pappns in 2 rows, united at 

 base and falling together, the outer row crown-like, toothed, the inner 

 composed of bristles with club-shaped tips — Perennials, woody at 

 base, with aspect of Pulicaria. 



F. crispa, Forsk. 5 Qutqdt. SaMt. Ra\d\ Tajdr. Khanuf. 

 AfraJcTi. Dithddth. Karwdn. .4 to .5 ; stems numerous, appressed- 

 canescent, corymbose above. Leaves cobwebby-canescent, linear- 

 spathulate, acutely toothed, those of stem and branches half-clasping. 

 Heads .005 broad ; scales of involucre glabrescent, linear, acuminate ; 

 rays not longer than involucre ; inner bristles of pappus 7-10, four 

 times as long as akene, barbed at tip — January to April — Dry, sandy 

 soil ; Dead Sea to Sinai and Egypt. 



20. OYMNARRHEIVA, Desf. Gymnarrhena. 



Heads many-flowered, discoid. Involucre many-rowed, scales 

 boat-shaped, coriaceous, rigid. Receptacle convex, bristly at margin. 

 Marginal flowerets pistillate, in many rows, each subtended by a scale ; 

 the corolla slender, tubular, o-toothed ; the pappus in several rows, 

 the outer consisting of scabrous bristles, the inner of 7-9, lanceolate- 

 linear, acuminate pales ; style 2-lobed ; akenes obconical, villous. 

 Central flowerets few, minute, abortive, staminate, not subtended by 

 pales ; the corolla funnel-shaped ; pappus in 1 row of lanceolate, a- 

 cuminate, ciliated pales ; style simple, club-shaped, acute, papillose ; 

 akenes filiform, glabrous — Herbs, stemless or nearly so, with crowded 

 heads. 



O. micrantlia, Desf. © .02 to .03. Leaves linear-lanceolate, 

 .1 long, acutish, with dilated, membranous base, rosetted around the 

 sessile, clustered heads, and much longer than the cluster. Scales of. 

 involucre glossy, longer than flowerets, mucronulate — March to 

 July — Sandy places in deserts, Sinai to Dead Sea, Jordan Valley, 

 Damascus, Syrian Desert, and north-eastward. 



21. AMVII.L.JEA, DC. Anvill^a. 



Heads many-flowered, discoid ; flowerets all tubular, perfect. In- 

 volucre at length woody, outer scales leaf -like at tip, inner in 2 rows, 

 appressed, spinescent. Receptacle chaffy. Anthers caudate at base. 

 Akenes uniform, 4-sided, bald and umbilicate at tip — Rigid, branch- 

 ing, desert shrubs. 



A. Oarcini, Burm. 5 Appressed-canescent, branching from 

 base. Leaves obovate-spathulate to oblong-linear, tapering at base, 

 repand or fringed-toothed. Peduncles short and thick ; outer scales of 

 involucre spathulate at tip, more or less reflexed, inner rather longer 

 than involucre ; pales of receptacle truncate at tip, abruptly bristly- 

 cuspidate — March and April — Egypt to Sinai, Wadi Harun, and east- 

 ward. 



22. ASTERISCUS, Mcench. Asteriscus. 'Ain-el-Boqr. 'Avar. 



Heads many-flowered, radiate. Involucre imbricated, the outer 

 scales leaf-like. Receptacle chaffy, Ray-flowerets strap-shaped, in 1 



