470 COMPOSITE, (composite family.) 



hase or ; flowerets ;pink — June and July — Coelesyria ; Damascus; 

 Yebriid ; Qaryetein. 



40. C. procurreiis, Sieb. .15 to .25, crisp-papillose, ca- 

 nescent, proliferous from neck, with a central head nearly sessile ; 

 hraiiches procu'i/ihent, 1-o-headed. Leaves linear, the radical pinnatifid 

 into short, toothed lobes ; upper leaves toothed. Heads ovate, .01 to 

 .015 long, bracted by the upper leaves ; scales of involucre ovate, 

 narrowly white-margined, appendage spreading-reflexed, with 5-7, 

 palmate prickles, the lower about as long as the scales, the central 

 spine of intermediate scales stout, twice to thrice as long as scale ; 

 fLoweretsJlesJi-colored — Spring — Sands ; Jafia to Gaza. 



41. C. Calcitrapa, L. (D .4 to .6, papillose ; stem erect, 

 forked, branching from base. Root-leaves pinnatipartite into linear, 

 dentate lobes ; stem-leaves sessile, lobes few, the uppermost leaves 

 undivided. Heads lateral and terminal, solitary, ovate, .01 long ; 

 prickles of involucre 5-7 at each side of terminal spine, short ; flower- 

 ets j^^Mr^^Ze; akenes bald — ^tay and June — Roadsides and waste places ; 

 coast to lower and middle mountain zones, and interior plains. 



42. C. Iberica, Trevir. @ .4 to .6 or more, papillose ; stem 

 erect, forked, branching. Root-leaves lyrate-pianatitid or parted ; 

 stem-leaves sessile, short, few-lobed, the upper undivided. Heads 

 solitary, ovate, .015 long ; prickles of involucre 1-3 at base of terminal 

 spine ; flowerets ^92^«^/ akenes frequently lined and spotted, pappus 

 shorter than ahene — June and July — Common except in alpine regions 

 and deserts. 



Var. Meryoiiii, Boiss. Root-leaves sometimes undivided ; stem- 

 leaves less divided, sometimes entire. Scales of involucre white-mar- 

 gined ; spine stouter — Coast ; Lebanon ; Antilebanon. 



Var. IIerinoiii§, Boiss. Leaves more dissected. Heads frequent- 

 ly smaller, and spines longer but more slender ; flowerets ^a^e — Le- 

 banon ; Hermon. 



43. C. palle§ceiis, Del. (D .4 to .6, pruinose, diffusely fork- 

 ed. Root-leaves rosetted, pinnatipartite or lyrate ; upper leaves sessile, 

 oblong to linear, toothed. Heads ovate, .01 long ; terminal spines of 

 involucre white, terete, or flat above, with 2-3 prickles on each side at 

 base ; flowerets pale-yellow; pappus as long as ahene — Spring — Common, 

 except in alpine regions and deserts. 



Var. liyalolepist, Boiss. Scales with a broader, translucent mar- 

 gin ; pricMe at hase of spine very short, sometimes — Common. 



44. C. araiieoi^a, Boiss. (D .3 to .5, densely crisp-papillose ; 

 stem branched, dichotomous. Lower leaves pinnatipartite or cut, 

 upper sessile, auricled, lanceolate, toothed. Heads ovate, ,01 long, 

 bracted by the upper leaves ; involucre cohwebby ; spines of intermedi- 

 ate scales stout, with 3-4 prickles at either side of base ; flowerets deep 

 yellow ; pappus about as long as akene — Spring and summer — Coast ; 

 common, especially in sandy places. 



45. C lyc'opifolia, Boiss. et Ky. 2f .3 to .6, sparingly hairy, 

 green ; stem erect or ascending, brittle, simple or sparingly branched. 

 Lower and intermediate leaves petioled, lyrate, upper ovate to oblong, 

 sessile, tapering at base. Heads rather large, solitary, bracted by the 



