COMPOSITE. (composite FAMILY.) " 471 



small upper leaves ; involucre cobwebby ; prickles 7-9 ; flowerets golden- 

 yelloio — June — Coast near Alexandretta to Beilan, and northward. 



46. C, clieiraeaiitlia, Fenzl. If .3 to .G ; stems slender, 

 cobwebby^ leafy, angled, simple or with few branches, 1-3-headed. 

 Leaves canescent at lower surface, the loAver lono-petioled, oblong- 

 lanceolate, undivided or lyrate, the upper oblong-lanceolate to linear, 

 sliglitly decurrent. Heads solitary, with 1-2 leaves at base, ovate, .01 

 to .015 long ; involucre glabrescent ; flowerets yellow, j^^PP^^^ much 

 shorter than akenes — Summer — Middle to subalpine and alpine Leba- 

 non, Antilebanon, Cassius, Amanus, and northward. 



47. C li^>loleuca, Boiss. 11 .3, appressed-canescent ; stem 

 leafy, simple, 1-headed. Leaves oblong-lanceolate, undivided except 

 the lowest, which have sometimes 1-2 lobes at base; lower leaves taper- 

 ing into a petiole, upper smaller, sessile, short-decurrent. Heads ovate- 

 conical, truncate at base ; prickles of involucre very short ; flowerets 

 yellow ; pappus as long as ahene or longer — August — Subalpine Leba- 

 non and Hermon. 



73. CNICUS, Ga&rtn. Blessed Thistle. 



Heads heterogamous, the outer flowerets sterile. Scales of in- 

 volucre in few rows, ending in a pinnate spine. Receptacle clothed 

 with long bristles. Anthers short-caudate at base, filaments papillose, 

 free. Akenes with jn-ominent ribs, crowned with an elevated, toothed 

 margin, hilum lateral. Pappus of two forms, the outer of 10 beards, 

 the inner of 10 short bristles — Annual herbs. 



C beiiedietus, L. © .1 to .3, with spreading branches. 

 Leaves pale, sinuate-pinnatifid or parted ; floral-leaves ovate-oblong, 

 forming an involucre to the ovate, .03 long heads, and longer than 

 they ; flowerets yellow — March to May — Plain of Gaza ; Aleppo ; 

 Aintab. 



74. RHAPOMTICFIfl, DC. Rhaponticum. 



Heads homogamous, many- and equal-flowered. Scales of involucre 

 imbricated in several rows, with scarious appendages. Receptacle 

 bristly. Style 2-lobed. Akenes somewhat 4-angled, all pappose, hilum 

 lateral. Pappus composed of barbellate or feathery, long bristles in 

 several rows, rows gradually lengthened from outer to inner — Peren- 

 nial herbs, with large heads. 



R. pii^illiini, Labill. 2f .05 to .1, stemless, 1-3-headed. Heads 

 ovate, .04 long, .03 brond, subtended by a rosette of radical, 2-pin- 

 natipnrtite leaves ; scales of involucre leathery, tipped with a short, 

 triangular, acuminate spine — April to June — Fields, and hillsides; 

 common. 



75. PII/^-OPAPPlJS, Boiss. Phteopappus. 



Heads heterogamous. marginal flowerets neutral. Scales of in- 

 volucre leathery, in several rows, spiny or prickly. Rece})tacle bristly. 

 Filaments free, papillose, anthers with very short appendages at base. 

 Style with 2, short lobes at apex. Akenes all pappose, hilum lateral, 

 pappus persistent, uniform, feathery or barbellate, in several indistinct 



