473 COMPOSITES, (composite family.) 



rows, gradually increasing in length from the outer to the inner — 

 Herbs, with habit of Centaurea, flowerets (in ours) yellow. 

 * Fajjpus plumose. Beads .02 to .03 long. 



1. Ph. L.ibaTioticu§, Boiss. 21 .05 to .3 ; stems 1-2-headed. 

 Leaves linear, sinvate-pmnatiloled. Heads oblong-conical, .02 long, 

 .01 broad ; scales of involucre with 3-4 pairs of prickly bristles shorter 

 than the scales — Summer — Subalpine and alpine Lebanon and 



Hermon. 



2. Pli. Kotseliyi, Boiss. 11 .2 to .5 ; stems erect or ascending, 

 simple or branching. Leaves oUanceolate to lanceolate, entire. Heads 

 ovate-conical, .03 long, .01 broad ; scales of involucre with 2-4 pairs 

 of prickles, terminal spine shorter than scale, weak — Summer — 



Var. Persicus, Boiss. Prickles and spines fewer and weaker — 

 A-kherdagh. 



Var. f!occo»iss, Boiss. Woolly-car escent ; stems decumbent ; 

 leaves narrower ; terminal spine of scales shorter, more slender, and 

 beset at base by prickles or bristles — Between Marash and Aintab. 



3. Ph. longi^pliiun, Post. (Plantse Postianse ii, 14) 2( .2 to 

 .6, sparingly cobwebby, scabrous, pale green ; stems erect, simple or 

 sparingly branched. Leaves lanceolate-linear, the lowest tapering to a 

 petiole, pinnatisect into few, ollong loles, the upper sessile, oholetely 

 repand-dentate or entire. Heads ovate-conical, .03 long, .015 broad ; 

 appendage of scales s}^readirg or rcflexed, the terrriival spine .02 to .03 

 long, much longer than the 1-2 pairs of lateral prickles ; pappus white, 

 nearly twice as long as the .008 long akene — July — Fields and gravel- 

 ly places ; eastern wadis of northern Antilebanon ; 'Asal-el-Ward 

 plateau. 



* * Pappus larlellate or scalrous. 

 t Heads as large as a walnut, solitary, nodding. 



4. Ph. Aiiitahlcu§, Post. (Plantse Postianse in.) 21, sparing- 

 ly papillose, scabridulous. Lpper leaves ollong, acute, serrate, the 

 ujipermost transformed into Jimlriated. h-acts. Peduncles short, thick- 

 ened, nodding ; appendages of involucre scales ovate, reflexed, 

 pectinate-pricAly at margin, terminal prickle longer and stronger than 

 the lateral, the margin of the upper scales ragged-dentate, pappus as long 

 as akene — June — Aintab. Described from specimens destitute of lower 

 leaves. A species near Ph. Armenus, J. et Sp., distinguished by un- 

 divided leaves, and pectinate-prickly instead of palmate-prickly mar- 

 gin. 



t t Heads smaller than a hazel-nut. 



5. P. scopai*iii§, Sieb. 5 Birlcdn. Woody at hase ; stems fork- 

 ed ; branches interlocked, 1-headed. Loy^ er leayes pinnatilohed, inter- 

 mediate undivided, upper small, scale-like. Heads oblong, peduncled; 

 scales of involucre yellow, tipped with a spreading spine longer than 

 the scale, with two prickles at base ; pappus white, about twice as long 

 as akene — Sinai to upper Egypt. 



T6. PTOSIltlOPAPPUS, Boiss. Ptosimopappus. 



Heads heterogamous. Scales leathery, imbricated in many rows, 

 mucronate at tip. Akenes smooth, compressed, hilum lateral, excavat- 



