474 COMPOSITE, (composite family.) 



all serrate to incised-prickly. Heads terminal, ovate, .015 to .025 long; 

 outer scales of involucre lanceolate, acuminate, margin with short, 

 spiny teeth ; Jlowerets Hue — May — Coast about Sidon and Beirut. 



* * * Pappus 0. 



6. C. tinctorius, L. Safflower. Saffron. ^Usfur. Za^fardn. 

 1 to 1.5 ; stem corymbose. Leaves oblong, serrate-pvickly^ rarely 

 entire^ unarmed. Heads ovate-conical, .03 long, .025 broad at base ; 

 outer scales of involucre leaf -like, obsoletely prickly at margin, fiowereU 

 red — June — Cultivated everywhere for its flowerets, which are used 

 as a dye in cooking. 



78. CARDUl^'CELI^US, Ad. Carduncellus. 



Heads homogamous, many- and equal-flowered. Involucre in 

 several rows, the outer scales leaf-like, leathery, spiny, the inner scarious. 

 Receptacle bristly-fringed. Filaments free, pencil-like below tip ; 

 anthers not caudate. Akenes acutely 4-angled, hilum lateral. Bristles 

 of pappus in several rows, nearly equal, long- feathery — Herbs, with 

 blue flowers. 



C. erioceplialus, Boiss. 2^ .2 to .3 ; stem nearly simple, 1- 

 headed. Leaves rigid, pinnately lobed, spiny, the lower oblong, the 

 upper lanceolate, acuminate. Head ovate-oblong ; outer scales of in- 

 volucre lanceolate, cobwebby, inner oblong-lanceolate, fringed toward 

 tip, terminating in a prickle — April — Gaza to Egypt. 



79. HOCHSTETTERIA, DC. Hochstetteeia. 



Heads homogamous, discoid, flowerets all perfect, fertile. In- 

 volucre hemispherical, scales in many rows, narrow, acute, rigid. 

 Receptacle convex, honey-combed, the margins of the cells often 

 produced into short chaff. Corollas regular, tubular, 5-parted, lobes 

 more or less revolute. Anthers sagitate at base, the appendages lanceo- 

 late, somewhat ciliate. Branches of style linear, obtuse. Akenes top- 

 shaped, densely villous ; pappus of 10 scales, transparent at lower 

 part of margin, produced into barbed, at length wide-spreading bristles 

 — Rigid, perennial herbs. 



H. Scliimperi, DC. 1^ Glabrous ; stems angular-striate, with 

 forked branches. Lower leaves ovate, minutely toothed, upper oblong- 

 lanceolate, the uppermost pair just below the involucre. Heads sol- 

 itary at the end of the branches — Arabia Petraea. 



§0. SCOEYinrS, L. Scolymus. 



Heads many-flowered. Involucre double, the inner of imbricated 

 scales, the outer of spiny leaves. Receptacle chaffy, the chaff enclos- 

 ing the akenes and adhering to them. Pappus consisting of a thickish, 

 crenate, muticous or 2-bearded margin — Spiny herbs, with lobed- 

 winged stems. 



1. S, inaculatus, L. © .5 to 1, corymbose. Leaves oblong, 

 sinuate, spiny-dentate, witli a thick, white margin. Heads terminnl^ 

 akenes tipped with a very short, crenate, muticous crown — Summer — 

 Coast ; Lebanon ; Jordan Valley. 



