483 coMPosiT-s:. (composite family.) 



entire. Heads .02 long and broad ; involucre white-woolly and more 

 or less bristly or almost prickly ; inner akenes shorter than their beak, 

 which is about as long as involucre — April to September — Eoadsides 

 and fields ; common. 



Var. rliaeadifolia, Boiss. Leaves more divided ; beak of inner 

 akenes often shorter than involucre — ('oast ; Lebanon to subalpine 

 regions ; Ccelesyria ; Antilebanon ; Aleppo. 



11. C Bureiiiaiia, Boiss. .1 to .3, bristly-Jiisjnd ; stem 

 branching, leafy. Lower leaves oblong-lanceolate, pinnatilid to ruu- 

 cinate ; stem-leaves oblong, pinnatifid ; upper leaves entire. Heads 

 .015 long and broad ; involucre beset with long bristles; inner akenes 

 scabrous, as long as beak, or shorter — April and May — Palmyrene 

 desert to Euphrates, and southward and eastward. 



12. C. Arabica, Boiss. © .1 to .2, bristly-hirsute ; stem 

 dichotomous, branches few-headed. Root-leaves oblong, acutely 

 dentate or pinnatifid to -parted ; stem-leaves very small, setaceous. 

 Heads .008 long ; akenes scabrous — April — Et-Tih, near Palestine. 



13. C. alpiiia, L. .3 to .8 ; stem leafy, grooved, corymb- 

 ose. Leaves dentate, the lower ovate-oblong, tapering at base, the 

 upper clasping, obtusely auricled, oblong-lanceolate. Peduncles stiff ; 

 heads cylindrical-turbinate, .02 long ; outer scales of involucre short, 

 numerous, calyculate, scarious, ovate, hooded, glabrous, inner linear, 

 bristly, at length thickened, keel-shaped at back, enclosing the outer 

 akenes ; marginal akenes tapering, inner akenes with a beak many 

 times longer than the seed — Summer — Waste places ; coast to alpine 

 Lebanon and Antilebanon, Cassius, Amanus, Aleppo, and northward. 



* * * AJce?ies ta2jering or beaked^ the marginal keeled or loinged at inner 



face. 



14. C aculeata, DC. (D .3 to .4, cobwebby-puberulent, 

 branching. Lower leaves oblong-lanceolate, cut-toothed or lyrate- 

 pinnatifid, upper linear-lanceolate, entire. Peduncles elongated, with 

 remote scales. Heads .015 long ; outer scales of involucre very short, 

 lanceolate- linear^ inner with 3-5 prickles at back ; inner akenes ^/a6r(>i/s, 

 tapering into a beak as long as they — April and May — Sands ; coast ; 

 Tiberias ; Jordan Valley ; ascent from Jordan to 'Ayun Musa. 



15. C aspera, L. .5 to 1 or more ; stems and branches 

 very rough with rigid, 'prickly bristles. Leaves more or less bristly- 

 fringed, the lower oblong-spathulate to oblanceolote, many-toothed ; 

 stem-leaves truncate-auricled at base, triangular-oblong ; upper-leaves 

 linear, entire. Heads .008 long ; outer scales of involucre ovate, scarious, 

 small, deciduous ; inner prickly at back ; inner akenes roughish, beak 

 slender, twice to thrice as long as seed — April and May — Weedy places ; 

 common. 



Var. iiierini§, Boiss. Stems and branches unarmed ; leaves 

 glabrescent ; inner scales of involucre sparingly prickly — Coast ; Le- 

 banon. 



96. L.A€;OSERIS, M.B. Lagosbris. 



Heads many-flowered Involucre calyculate, the outer scales 

 short. Receptacle beset with bristles as long as akenes or longer. | 



