COMPOSITES, (composite FAMILY.) 485 



into linear-lanceolate lobes. Heads .014 loQg and broad ; akenes 

 tapering into a slender leak as long as they — March and April — North- 

 ern borders of et-Tlh ; Gaza ; Palmyra ; east of Aiutab. 



* * Perennials. Pappus of 15-40 bristles. 



3, I4. Liibanoticuiii, Boiss. If .1 to .2, whitisk with shvrt and 

 forked hairs. Leaves oblanceolate, wavy-toothed to incised, tapering 



into a petiole. Heads .015 long ; lower scales of involucre triangular , 

 ciliate ; upper lanceolate, elongated ; akenes cylindrical, tajjering 

 toward tip — July to September — Alpine Lebanon ; Ziaretdagh 

 (Amanus). 



4. L. a§perriniuiii, Willd. If .1 to .4, pale-green, hispid with 

 rigid hairs, stellate-forked at tip ; scapes 1-headed, dilated at tip, with 

 small, linear to subulate, scattered leaves. Leaves oblong-lanceolate, 

 remotely toothed. Heads .035 long in flower, .005 broad in fruit ; 

 scales of involucre obtuse, the outer oblong, the inner lanceolate, elon- 

 gated, pectinate-fringed at margin and nerve with stout, white hairs ; 

 akenes .025 long, gradually tapering from middle — May to July — 

 Subalpine and alpine Lebanon ; Aintab, and northward and east- 

 ward. 



102. THRINCIA, Roth. Thrincia. 



Heads many-flowered. Involucre imbricated, outer scales at 

 length somewhat keeled. Receptacle naked. Akenes of margin taper- 

 ing, beakless, ending in a fringed cup, or bald, the inner slightly 

 beaked, tipped with a pappus of feathery rays, dilated, chaffy at base 

 — Perennial, stemless herbs, with yellow flowers. 



T. tuberosa, L. % .1 to .25, more or less bristly with forked 

 hairs ; root-stock very short, praemorse, surrounded by a cluster of fusi- 

 form tubers. Leaves oblong-spathulate, dentate to lyrate or runcinate. 

 Scapes 1-headed ; heads .02 long, .015 broad ; scales of involucre 

 lanceolate, more or less hairy at back ; akenes muricate-wrinkled, the 

 outer tapering, the inner a little longer than the beak — Spring — 

 Weedy places ; common to subalpine regions. 



103. TARAXACUIWE, Juss. Dandelion. 



H(!ads many-flowered. Involucre imbricated, nearly calyculate. 

 Receptacle naked. Akenes nearly similar, somewhat compressed-4- 

 angled, striate, scaly-muricate, especially above, rarely smooth, taper- 

 ing into a small, pyramidal tip, ending in a beak — Perennial, stem- 

 less herbs, with yellow flowers. 



* Akenes shorter than the beak, or as long. 



1. T. moiitantiin, C. A. Mey. % Glaucescent ; root vertical. 

 Leaves .15 to .0 long, tirm, pinnatitid or - parted, sometimes lyrate, seg- 

 ments triangular, somewhat scythe-shaped. Scapes woolly, 1-headed, 

 or once or twice 2-branched ; heads .025 long ; akenes tapering at each 

 end, muricate, beak slender, four times as long as akene — July and 

 August — Stony places ; Amanus, Akherdagh, and nothward and east- 

 ward. 



2. T. serotitium, W. K. 11 Glaucous ; root-vertical, thick, 

 scaly. Leaves thickish, crisp-velvety, sometimes woolly, oblong, some- 



