COMPOSITE. (COMPOSITE FAMILY.) 491 



obtuse, with broad, white margins, the lower triangular-ovate ; akenes 

 nearly 4-augled, the outer black, acutlsh at tip ; pappus very caducous 

 — February to April — Smai to Egypt, and eastward. 



* * Herhs. Akenes rather compressed, the outer tajyering or beaked, 

 transversely wrinkled. 



6. Z. ]flassaven$«is, Fresen. .3 to .5, glabrous ; stem erect, 

 slender, fragile, leafy below, much-branched, paniculate-corymbose 

 above. Leaves tender, runcinate into ovate, bristly-toothed lobes, 

 the lower short-petioled, the rest sessile, broad-auricled. Pedicels 



filijorm ; lower scales of involucre calyx-like, short, ovate, the true 

 scales 5, five-times as long, linear ; akenes obtusely 4-lobed at base, 

 the outer black, the inner white, nearly 4-angled ; pappus persistent, 

 longer than akene — April — Arabia Petraea. 



* * 4- Jlerhs. Akenes short, fungous, flattened, truncate-retuse, tcinged at 



angles. 



7. Z. g^loinerata, Cass. (D Haldioat-el-Ghazldn. JIuioioah. 

 Muwwat-el-Kildh. Hufeifah. .05 to .15 ; stems scape-like, simple or 

 2-forked. Root-leaves rosetted, oblong, tapering at base, runcinate- 

 pinnatiiid ; stem-leaves 1 to 2 or 0. Heads nearly sessile, the terminal 

 clustered, the lateral usually solitary ; scales of involucre with a broad, 

 white margin, and a narrow, herbaceous centre — March and April — 

 Sinai to Egypt, and eastward. 



* * * * Intricately branched, spinescent shrubs. Akenes somewhat 

 dor sally jiattened. 



§, Z. spiiio§a, Forsk. 5 Kebddeh. Zagweh. .3 to .5. Leaves 

 linear, glaucous, soon falling. Heads few, solitary, nearly sessile, ob- 

 long-cylindrical, few-flowered — February to April — Sinai, and south- 

 ward. 



110. TRAOOPOGON, L. Tragopogon. 



Heads many-flowered. Involucre simple, scales 5-16, about equal, 

 and somewhat united at base. Keceptacle naked. Akenes tapering- 

 beaked, the marginal ones nearly always scaly or muricate. Pappus 

 similar, feathery, interlaced. 



* Flowerets pink or violet. 



1. T. loni^irostre, Bisch. (2) .3 to .5, glabrous or slightly 

 flocculent-wooUy ; stems erect, simple or branching. Leaves more or 

 less dilated at base, half-clasping, linear. Peduncles gradually dilated; 

 scales of involucre about 8, longer than flowerets ; marginal akenes 

 striate, scaly ; beak slender, contracted below their woolly, thickened 

 tip, once and a half to twice as long as seed — April to July — Fields ; 

 common. 



Var. abbreviatum, Boiss. Beak scarcely longer than seed — 

 Marash. 



* * 



Flowerets yellow. 



2. T. buplitalinoi<lcs, Boiss. 21 Bhanab-el-Faras. 3Iishshah. 

 .3 to .5, flocculent-woolly, at length glabrescent ; stem simple or 

 branching. Leaves 5-7-nerved, lanceolate to hnear. Peduncles scarce- 

 ly thickened ; scales of involucre 8-10, one-fourth shorter than the mar- 



