CONIFERS. (pine FAMILY.) 



Gcdyx and corolla — Staminate flowers. 

 Antliers adnate at base of bracts, usually 

 sessile or arranged along the axis of the 

 bractless catkin. Pistillate floiccrs.OY\\\Q?> 



2, rarely numerous, orthotropous, situated 

 at base of inner surface of the scales of 

 the strobile, or solitary or twin in a fleshy 

 involucre with an open mouth. Seeds 

 naked, albuminous, erect or inverted, the 

 embryo in the axis, straight, antitropous^ 

 cotyledons usually numerous, whorled. 



Tribe I. CUPRESSINE-aE, (Cypress Tribe) 8ta- 

 minate catJdns composed of opposite or ternately wliorled scales, 

 Antliers 3-5, rarely two, nearly globular. Pistillate strobile 

 globular, composed of 4-14, opposite or ternately wliorled scales, 

 free or connate at base, peltate, and in fruit coriaceous or fleshy, 

 and coalesced. Leaves opposite. 



1. CUPEESSUS. Monoecious. Strobile of 8-14, woody, peltate 

 scales, 



3. JUNIPEPvUS. Dioecious onnonoccious on separate brandies- 



Strobile of 4-G, fleshy -scales, forming a sort oi 

 berry. 



747 



Fig. 337. 



(a) Seed of a coni 

 fer, showing the 

 axial, straight em- 

 bryo, surmounted by 

 its cotyledons. (6)The 

 stem in germination. 

 (c) The six cotyledons 

 with the plumule in 

 their mid^f . 



I 



Tribe II. TAXINEiE. (Yew Tribe.) Dioecious, Stamiiiate catJdns composed of 

 shield-shaped scales. Anthers 2-8, pendulous, 1-celled, Pistillate catkin reduced to a fleshy 

 disk, subtended by bracts at base and surrounding the base of the naked seed, and in fruit 

 forming a simple or double cup partially enclosing the seed. 



3. TAXUS. Trees with nearly two-ranked, linear, flattened leaves. 



Tribe III. ABIETINE-E. (Hemlock Family.) Moncecious. Stamimte catkins 

 terminal and axillary. Bracts numerous, spirally arranged around axis. Stamens 2 under 

 each bract, filaments short, anthers 2-celled, the connective ending in an awn or tubercle. 

 Pistillate catkins consisting of open, imbricated scales in the axil of a bract, the ovules 2 under 

 each scale, and adnate to its base, these catkins at maturity forming a cone, the leathery or 

 woody scales of which are persistent or caducous. Seeds winged or wingless, pendulous — 

 Trees jwith linear or needle-shaped, flat, flatteried-triquetrous, semiterete, or tetragonal 

 leaves. 



* Cones maturing the second or third year. 



4. PINtJS. Leaves 2-severaI, needle-like, sheathed at base by scarious scales. 



5. CEDEUS. Leaves 39-40, whorled at tip of twigs. 



* * Cones maturing in one year. 

 C. ABIE:^. Leaves scattered along the branches, linear, flat, obtuse. 



1. CUPRESSUS, Tourn. Cypress. JSaru. 

 Flowers monoecious on different brandies. Staminate cailins 

 oblong to oblong-cylindrical, the scales dectissatc, in 4 rows, nearly 

 peltate, bearing 2-4, sessile anther-cells under the lower margin. 

 Pistillate catldn globular, composed of 8-14, at length woody, peltate 

 scales, mucronate at back, free, the upper sterile. Galbules maturing 



