UMBELLIFER^. (PARSLEY FAMILY.) 335 



all fertile. Involucre and involucel of one, small, setaceous bract — 

 Spring — Grain fields; common. 



11. CONIUM, L. Poison Hemlock. Shaiikemn. 



Calyx-margin obsolete. Fruit ovate, laterally flattened. Mericarps 

 with 5, equal, prominent, wavy ribs, the lateral at the margin. Inter- 

 vals mauy-striate, vittse 0. Stylopodia with wavy margin. Inner face 

 of albumen grooved — White-flowered herbs, with finely dissected 

 leaves. 



C. maculatum, L. (f) ShauTcerdn. Seikerdn. (See Fig. 163) 1 to 



2, glabrous ; stem leafy, angled-striate, siwtted^ branching. Lower leaves 

 petioled, broad-triangular, 3-pinnatisect into ovate-oblong, acute, cut- 

 toothed segments ; the upper sessile, segments oblong, cut-toothed. 

 Umbels opposite the leaves and terminal, 10-20-rayed, bracts of involu- 

 cre and involucel lanceolate-acuminate — April to June — Fields and 

 roadsides; common. A virulent, narcotic-acrid plant, which furnished 

 the poison by which Socrates died. 



Var. leiocarpiim, Boiss. Ribs entire. 



12. PHYSOSPERMUlWr, Cusson. Physospermum. 



Calyx-margin 5-dentate. Fruit ovate, twin, broader than long, 

 constricted at commissure. Mericarps with 5, obtuse or somewhat pro- 

 minent ribs. Intervals 1-vittate. Stylopodia conical. Inner face of 

 albumen grooved — Perennial herbs with white flowers. 



P. aquilegifolium, All. 1|; 1 or more, glabrous; stem naked, 

 scape-like. Leaves clustered at root, long-petioled, broad-triangular, 

 in outline, ternately tripinnatisect into cuneate-rhombic, incised-dentate 

 segments ; up2:»er leaves reduced to a few, lanceolate bracts along the 

 terete stem. Umbels 7-15-rayed, bracts of involucre and involucel ob- 

 long-lanceolate, short ; ribs obsolescent ; styles deflexed, several times 

 longer than stylopodia — June and July — Woods; subalpine Lebanon 

 to niiddle region of Cassius, Amanus, and northward. 



Calyx-teeth obsolete. Fruit twin, laterally flattened, with a nar- 

 row stylopodium. Mericarps incurved from base to apex, none of the 

 ribs, or the dorsal only, prominent. Intervals many-vittate. Inner 

 face of albumen grooved — Tall, perennial herbs, with various foliage, 

 and yellow, generally polygamous flowers. Upper branches and leaves 

 (in ours) usually opposite. 



1. S. Orplianides, Boiss. (D 1 to 1.5, glabrous. Root-leaves 

 with a sheath-like petiole, 3-ternatisect into petiolate, cordate-ovate, 

 lobed-dentate leaflets ; lower stem-leaves ovate-subcordate, coarsely 

 lobed and obtusely dentate with a broad, sheath-like petiole ; the upper- 

 most sessile, ovate-cordate, das^nng, free, crenate-dentate. Umbels 15- 

 20-rayed; involucre and involucel 0; fruit .003 to .004 broad, ovate- 

 globular ; styles twice as long as flattened stylojDodium — Spring — 

 Lattakia; Bosrah, (Hauran). 



2. S. connatum, Boiss. et Ky. @ 1 to 2, glabrous. Root- 

 leaves petioled, often .3 long, ternately pinnatisect, with ovate, sub- 

 cordate, obtusely-dentate leaflets ; lower stem-leaves sessile, auricled, 



