394 VALERIANACE^. (VALERIAN FAMILY.) 



Var. liispidula, Boiss. Bracts hispidulous — Middle region of 

 Mt. St. Catherine (Sinai). 



* * * Perennials. Inner bracts long connate^ flattened^ doat-sha.jjed. 



6. C. maritima, L. 71 Stems procumbent, shrubby at base, 

 white. Leaves in fours, short oblong-lanceolate, leathery, densely 

 imbricated at base of stems and along branches. Spikes dense, ovate 

 to oblong-lanceolate, .02 to .04 long ; outer bract ovate to ovate-ellip- 

 tical, acuminate, inner ovate-oblong ; corolla once and a half as long 

 as bracts — Spring — Sands near Jaffa, and southward to Egypt. 



10. I^HERARDIA, L. Field Madder. 



Flowers perfect, capitate, involucrate. Calyx-tube ovate, margin 

 6-toothed, persistent, growing. Corolla funnel-shaped, with 4, non- 

 appendaged lobes. Fruit dry ; mericarps 3-toothed at apex — 

 Annuals, with aspect of Galium. jr-j^j 220. 



S. arveii§is, L. © Little Field Madder. 

 A to .4, branching from base, branches 

 decumbent or ascending. Lower leaves in twos 

 and fours, obovate, mucronate, the others in 

 sixes, oblong-obovate to linear-lanceolate. 

 Flowers 4-8, nearly sessile ; involucre leaves 

 connate at base, oblong-lanceolate, longer than 

 lilac flowers ; mericarps rough, a little shorter 

 than crown — Spring — Fields ; everywhere. 



Involucre and flowers of 

 S. arvensis. 



' Order LIV. VAILERIAIVACE^. (Valerian Family). 



Annual or perennial herhs^ with 0]}][}0site leaves and 

 no stipules ; the calyx-tube coherent with the ovary ^ which 

 has only one cell, or one fertile and two abortive ones ; sta^ 

 mens free, lA, fewer than the lobes of the corolla, inserted 

 on its tube — Flowers regular or irregular, hermaphrodite or 

 dioecious ; limb of cal jx obsolete, dentate, or expanded into 

 pappus ; corolla tubular or funnel-form, base of tube of- 

 ten gibbous or spurred, 3-5-lobed. Fruit dry, indehiscent. 



* Calyx-limb involute infiower, expanded in fruit to a feathery pappus . 

 i. VALERIANA. Corolla gibbous above base. Stamens 3. 



2. CENTRANTHUS. Corolla more or less spurred at base. Stamen 1, 



* * Calyx-limb dentate or crown-like in fruit, regular or irregular, or 0. 



3. VALERIANELLA. Corolla without protuberance or spur. Stamens 3. 



1. VALERIANA, L. Valerian. IlasMshat-ul-Eur. 



Calyx-limb involute during flowering, expanded in fruit into a 

 feathery pappus. Corolla tubular funnel-shaped, gibbous above base, 

 5-lobed. Stamens 3. Fruit 1 -celled — Perennial herbs. 



