400 DlPSACEiE. (teasel FAMILY.) 



2. D. laciniatus, L. 1 to 1.5, prickly, Leaves setose- 

 cillate, sessile, the lowest tapering at base, the others connate at base, 

 crenate-lohed 07' pinnatijid. Palea oblong — May to September — 

 Fields ; Ccelesyria to Damascus, Amanus, and northward. 



3. CEPHALiARIA, Schrad. Cephalaria. 



Involucel 4-angled, grooved, (in ours) 4-8-tootlied at apex. Calyx 

 limb basin-shaped, many-toothed. Corolla 4-fid. Receptacle chaffy. 

 Involucre composed of several rows of imbricated scales — Perennial 

 herbs, often shrubby at base, or annuals, usually tall. 



* Annuals. 

 t Leaves lyrate or pinnatisect. Flowers white or pinkish. 



1. C seto§a, Boiss. et Hoh. .6 to .8, more or less bristly. 

 Heads .03 broad ; bracts and pales ovate-oMong, tomentellous, light- 

 green, ciliate-m<irgined, ahmjjtly narrowed, into a hrownish awn ; teeth 

 of involucel eight, four sid)uhde, half or more than half as long as invo- 

 lucre, the other four intermediate, very short — June — Rocky places, 

 Gilead to Ccelesyria, Antilebanon, Amanus, Marash, Aintab, and east- 

 ward, and northward. 



2. C. teiiella, Paine. .2 to .5, branching above, not bristly. 

 Heads .006 to .008 in diameter ; bracts deUoid-orhiculir, purplish ; 

 paXes subulate, aristate ; involucel silky, teeth 4, shorter than tube — 

 Spring — Top of Jebel Husha'. 



3. C. Joppeii§is, Spreng. .6 to 2, sparingly bristly, diffusely 

 branched. Heads .01 long ; bracts ovate, obtuse, silky ; pales some- 

 what truncate, mucronate ; teeth of involucel 8. equal, a little longer 

 than base of calyx — Summer — Common in fields and by roadsides. 



1 1 Leaves undivided, or with few, minute lobes at base. Flowers equal, blue. 



4. C. Syriaca, L. .5 to 1.5, bristly ; stem Fig. 228. 

 stiff, trivaricately branched above. Leaves sessile or 



nearly so, the lower oblong -lanceol ite, entire or serrate, 

 often .1 to .15 long, the upper linear, entire. Pedun- 

 cles Img, stiff, or heads in forks sessile ; heads ovate, 

 .02 long ; bracts and pales obovate, ending abruptly 

 in a long awn ; involucel hirsute, truncate, with 4 

 awns, much longer than calyx-limb, and 4 interme- 

 diate, half or less than half as long — Spring — Fields ; 

 common throughout, 



Var. Boissieri, Reut. Heads .02 to .03 long. Head of 



Longer flowerets overtopping awns of pales — Huleh ; c, Syriaca. 

 Beirut ; Aintab. 



Var. sessili§, Boiss. Plant low^er, and spreading more than in 

 type. Leaves often dentate only at middle of margins. Alar flowers 

 all sessile or nearly so. Heads often not more than .01 fong — Com- 

 mon. 



* * Perennials. 



t Hairs stellate-scurfy. Flowers yellow. 



5. C §tellipilis, Boiss. If .2 to .6, woolly-canescent ; stems 

 numerous, wand-like, sparingly branched. Lower leaves oblong-spath- 



