COMPOSITE (composite FAMILY.) 407 



Herbs with spiny-toothed and lobed leaves Cirsium 59 



Herbs, woody at base, with unarmed leaves Jurinea 67 

 Akenes scarcely margined at apex. 



Tall herbs, with large, pinnatisect leaves - Cynara 63 

 Shrubby plants, hanging from rocks, with 



linear, entire leaves Chamsepeuce 61 



Receptacle honey-combed . - - . Onopordon 62 

 Bristles of pappus not united in a ring at base, or slightly so. 

 Receptacle clothed with awns or bristles. 

 Bristles of pappus about of equal length. 



Scabrous. Plants not spiny - - - Lappa 56 



Scabrous. Plants spiny - - - Cousinia 57 



Plumose Carduncellus 78 



Bristles of pappus unequal, the outer shorter. 

 Akenes somewhat 4-angled. 



Stemless herbs with rosetted leaves Rhaponticum 74 



Herbs with leafy stems and branches Carthamus 77 



Akenes oval or terete . - - . Serratula 68 

 Akenes somewhat flattened, 4-angled, slightly 



margined Phseopappus 75 



Receptacle honey-combed . - . - Iphiona 16 



t t Pappus composed of awns or hnstles, and chaff. 



Inner pappus of short pales, connivent at tip Centaurea 72 



1 1 t Pappus all of pales, which are sometimes cleft or fringed. 



Pales fringed into plumose hairs - - - Carlina 54 



Pales 10, ending in barbeilate bristles - Hochstetteria 79 



Pales in 1-2 rows, needle-pointed - - Cardopatium 50 



Pales fringed into barbeilate bristles - - Staehelina 66 



Pales in several rows, the inner longer - Carthamus 77 



Pales in several rows, the inner shorter. Carthamus 77, Centaurea 72 



1 1 f t Pappus crown-liJce or cup-liTce. 

 Heads large, ovoid, composed of few-flowered 



headlets Gundelia 47 



Heads spherical, composed of 1-flowered headlets. 

 Tall, spiny-leaved perennials, with spherical, 



spiny heads Echinops 46 



Low, sparingly prickly-leaved annuals, with 



hemispherical heads Acantholepis 49 



1 1 1 1 1 Pappus consisting of auricles, adnate to corolla tube. 

 White-pannous, maritime perennials - - Diotis 32 



1 1 1 1 1 1 Pappus none. 



Receptacle naked or bristly. 



Plants with or without woody base. 



Plants not woody at base. Akenes 



Receptacle chaffy . . - ■ 



Receptacle hairy . . - 



* * Flowers not all perfect. 



