430 COMPOSITE, (composite family.) 



* * Intermediate scales of involucre longer than flowerets, radiating. 



§. H. Billardieri, Boiss. 11 .1 to .3, appressed-wooUy-canes- 

 cent ; rootstock woody ; stems erect, leafy, 2-6-headed. Lower leaves 

 obovate to spathulate, obtuse, tapering at base, those of stem small, 

 oblong-linear, acutish. Heads sessile or pedicelled, snow white or 

 pinkish. .015 broad ; scales of involucre loose, obtuse, glossy, the 

 outer oblong-elliptical, the inner linear-spathulate, tapering to a short, 

 glabrous claw, all spreading wide open in fruit — May to July — Rocky 

 places ; subalpine Lebanon. 



14. I^EYSSEIiA, L. Letssera. 



Heads many-flowered, rayed, heterogamous. Involucre imbricated 

 in several rows. Receptacle fibrous, chaffy at margin. Ray-flowerets 

 strap-shaped, narrow, pistillate, disk-flowerets tubular, perfect. Mar- 

 ginal akenes abortive, crowned with one row of very short pales, those 

 of disk cylindrical, furrowed, with an outer row of short pales and an 

 inner of bristles plumose at tip — Dwarf, desert herbs, with small, 

 yellow, oblong heads. 



L«. capilAifoHa, Willd. Simswn. Mashruhah. .05 to .1, 

 branching from neck, branches numerous, filiform. Leaves filiform. 

 Heads on long, filiform peduncles, axillary and terminal ; scales of in- 

 volucre glabrous, the outer oblong, obtuse, the inner linear, scarious- 

 tipped, longer than rays — Spring — South end of Dead Sea to Sinai 

 and Egypt. 



15. I]^rL<A, L. Elecampane. i?a'^' Ayyub. 



Heads many-flowered, heterogamous, radiate, rarely discoid. 

 Marginal flowerets commonly in 1 row, strap-shaped or tubular, 3-cleft ; 

 central flowerets perfect, 5-toothed. Involucre imbricated in several 

 rows. Receptacle naked. Anthers with 2, fringed-ciliate appendages 

 at base. Pappus composed of 1 row of similar bristles — Herbs, some- 

 times shrubby at base, with yellow heads. 



* Ahenes nearly cylindrical, ribbed, not tapering at tip. Pappus free. 



t Ahenes glabrous. Pappus of numerous bristles. Outer scales of 

 involucre leaf -like. 



1. I, salicisia, L. 1^ .3to .5 ; stems simple, monocephalous to 

 corymbose. Leaves firm, scabrous at margin, lanceolate, acuminate, 

 sessile, .the upper half-clasping. Heads .025 to .035 broad, peduncled; 

 outer scales of involucre oblong-lanceolate, ciliate, inner somewhat 

 longer, scarious, erect, linear ; rays morethan twice as long as involucre 

 — June — Subalpine Lebanon. 



2. I. Ocrmanica, L. If .3 to .4 ; stem erect, hairy, corymb- 

 ose. Leaves firm, oblong to oblong-lanceolate, acute or mucronate, 

 sessile, scabrous-margined. Heads oblong to hemispherical, .006 long; 

 outer scales of involucre ovate-triangular, acute, sometimes spreading 

 at tip, acuminate, as long as disk-flowers ; i^ays slightly overtopping the 

 involucre — June — Thickets and hill tops near Beilan (Amanus). 



3. I. Conyza, DO. (D .6 to 1, woolly ; stem paniculate-corymb- 

 ose. Leaves elliptical to oblong-laaceolate, the radical tapering into 

 a petiole, those of stem sessile. Heads obconical-hemispherical, .008 to 

 .01 long, suhsessile ; scales of involucre gradually longer from without 



