COMPOSITE. (COMPOSITE FAMILY.) 425 



row, 3-toothed ; disk flowerets terete, 5-toothed. Anthers caudate. 

 Akenes uniform, turbinate, prismatic-triquetrous ; pappus crown-like, 

 irregularly dentate — Annual or perennial herbs. 



1. A. aquaticus, L. .3 to .4, villous-pubescent ; stem 

 erect, with spreading branches. Leaves lanceolate, obtuse, the lower 

 tapering into a petiole, the upper sessile, nearly half-clasping. Heads 

 .03 in diameter (including rays) sessile ; bracts crowded, longer than 

 Jieads ; outer scales of involucre linear-lanceolate, longer than rays, 

 inner ovate, obtuse ; rays very short ; akenes silky ; pappus f ringed - 

 toothed — February to June — Ditches and wet places ; coast and 

 interior. 



2. A. pyg-maeus, Coss. © Euqiid. Dwarf, grey-villulose, al- 

 most stemless, simple or branching. Leaves oblong, obtuse, all taper- 

 ing into a long petiole. Heads sessile, overtopped by upper leaves ; 

 outer scales of involucre linear-lanceolate, much longer than rays, inner 

 oblong-obtuse ; rays very short ; akenes silky ; pappus subulate-tipped, 

 scarcely toothed — Spring — Clayey and inundated places ; Jericho to 

 Arabia Petrasa, and eastward. 



3. A. graveoleni, Forsk. % Nimwdr. QassaiJcaJi, Buheineh. 

 Nuqd. .3 to .5, grey-velvety, branching from a rather woody base ; 

 branches rigid, forked. Leaves linear-oblong, tapering at base, except 

 the lower all cordate-clasping, remotely cut or toothed. Heads .02 in 

 diameter (including rays), short-peduncled ; floral leaves 1-3 ; outer 

 scales of involucre linear, acute, inner shorter, oblong ; rays a little 

 longer than involucre ; akenes hirsute — Spring — Wadis about Dead 

 Sea to Sinai and Egypt. 



4. A. Scbimperi, Boiss. 5 -^i silky-caneacent, branching, 

 forming dense clumps. Leaves entire, oblong-spathulate. Heads 

 smaller than in last ; bracts as long as rays ; scales of involucre oblong ; 

 rays very small, few, not longer than involucre ; akenes hirsute — 

 Spring — Sinai. 



23. PALliENIS, Cass. Pallenis. 



Heads many-flowered, radiate. Involucre imbricated, outer scales 

 spiny-tipped. Receptacle chaffy. Ray-flowerets in 2 rows, strap- 

 shaped, 3-toothed, tube triquetrous, winged ; disk-flowerets winged 

 on inner side, dilated at base. Anthers caudate. Akenes hirsute, 

 those of ray-flowerets flattened, 2-winged, triquetrous, those of disk flat- 

 tened, triquetrous. Pappus short, crown-like, toothed — Herbs with 

 aspect of Asteriscus. 



P. spino§a, L. Bakhur Mariam. .5 to 1, hirsute or villous. 

 Lower leaves oblong-spathulate, tapering into a petiole, upper lanceolate, 

 sessile. Outer scales of involucre linear-lanceolate, with prominent 

 nerves, rigid, much longer than rays, inner ovate, cuspidate, as long as 

 ray-flowers — Spring and summer — Fields and waysides ; common 

 except in Alpine and desert regions. 



24. CHRYSOPHTHAL.MUM, Sch. Chrysophthalmum. 



Heads many-flowered, discoid, flowerets all tubular, perfect or 

 some of the marginal pistillate. Scales of involucre closely imbricated 



57 



