448 COMPOSITJE. (composite family.) 



1. X. annuum, L. Stem forked. Heads hemispherical- 

 ovate, 100-120-flowered ; scales of involucre glossy, the outer ovate, 

 imbricated, abruptly mucronate, the Inner thrice as long, pink, ray-like, 

 elliptico-linear ; pales 5, triangular above base, tapering into a long 

 awn — Summer — Middle zone of Lebanon to Amanus, Aintab, and 

 north vvard. 



Var. squarrosum, Post. Head 30-40-flowered. Scales of in- 

 volucre spreading. Pales abruptly narrowed into an awn. (X. squar- 

 rosum. Boiss.). 



2. X. inapertum, Willd. © .3 to .3. Heads ovate-cylindrical, 

 30-40-flowered ; scales of involucre glabrous, yellow-vittate, the outer 

 ovate, abruptly mucronate, the inner not radiate, erect, lanceolate ; pales 

 5, triangular-lanceolate, a little longer than akene, tapering into a 

 bristle — May and June — Subalpine Lebanon, Aintab, and northward, 



3. X. longepapposum, F. et Mey. .2 to .3. Heads hug- 

 cylindrical, 10-15-^owered ; scales of involucre gldbrescent, the outer 

 small, triangular, the intermediate mucronate, the inner three times as 

 long, pink, Unear-lanceolate, erect, acute; pales 5, lanceolate, villous, 

 once and a half as long as akene — May and June — Dry and grassy 

 places ; Gilead, Galilee, Aintab, and northward. 



4. X. cylindraceum, Sibth. .1 to .5. Heads oblong- 

 cylindrical, 12-15-flowered ; scales of involucre pale, unarmed, tomentel- 

 lous at hacJc, the outer ovate, obtuse, the inner lanceolate, acutish, some' 

 what radiate ; pales 15, tapering-subulate from a triangular-lanceolate 

 base, shorter than aJcene — May and June — Subalpine Lebanon, Nusairy 

 Mountains, Amanus, Aintab, and northward. 



52. CHARBIIVIA, Desf. Chardinia. 



Heads heterogamous, the outer flowerets few, pistillate, 3-5- 

 toothed, the rest perfect, limb 5-cleft. Scales of involucre imbricated, 

 scarious, ovate, obtuse. Chaff of receptacle clasping the flowerets. 

 Filaments connate into a tube. Anthers with minute, mucronate ap- 

 pendages at base. Akenes of pistillate flowerets glabrous, tapering at 

 base, rigid, surmounted by a pappus of 2-3 pales or bald, 3-winged ; 

 akenes of other flowerets linear-terete, many furrowed, villous below, 

 surmounted by a pappus of 10 pales — Annuals, with aspect of 

 Xeranthemum. 



C. xeranthemoides, Desf. © .1 to .3, appressed-woolly, 

 usually branching. Leaves oblong-elliptical to linear. Branches 1- 

 headed ; heads 8-10-flowered, oblong in flower, obconical in fruit ; 

 scales of involucre glabrescent ; pales of disk-flowerets .012 long — 

 April and May — Deserted fields ; coast, and valleys about Dead Sea to 

 Gilead, Lebanon, Antilebanon, Damascus, Aleppo, Aintab, and north- 

 ward. 



53. SIEBERA, J. Gay. Sibbera. 



Heads heterogamous. Marginal-flowerets pistillate, few, short- 

 bilabiate, the rest perfect, 5-toothed. Scales of involucre imbricated, 

 scarious, the inner in fruit rigid, spiny. Chaff of receptacle cleft. 



