COMPOSITE. (composite FAMILY.) 451 



linear, spiny lobes ; scales of inner involucre in several rows, mem - 

 branous-margined, ovate to oblong, obtuse ; fLowerets pwyle — Hummer 



— Coast to subalpine mountains and interior plains. A very showy 

 plant, the fruiting heads much used for house decoration. 



56. LAPPA, Tourn. Burdock. 



Heads many-flowered, homogamous. Involucre imbricated, scales 

 awl-shaped, hooked at tip. Receptacle fringed. Filaments free, hairy ; 

 anthers with awl-shaped appendages at base and subulate tip. Akenes 

 oblong, laterally compressed, more or less wrinkled ; hilum at base ; 

 tip of akene somewhat margined. Pappus composed of scabrous, free, 

 short, caducous bristles, in several rows — Unarmed herbs. 



It. major, Gaertn. (D 1 or more. Leaves petioled, ovate-cordate, 

 repand-toothed. Heads ovate, .015 long, somewhat corymbed, the 

 hooked scales of the involucre overtopping the flowers ; akenes spotted 



— July to September — Roadsides and shady places, especially in 

 mountains to subalpine regions. 



Heads homogamous. Involucre imbricated, scales prickly or spiny 

 at tip. Receptacle bristly, bristles glabrous or barbellate. Flowerets 

 perfect. Filaments free, glabrous ; anthers with ragged appendages 

 at base. Akenes glabrous, obovate-compressed, pyramidal, hilum at 

 base, apex rounded or truncate, often with a 3-5-toothed margin. 

 Bristles of pappus scabrous, free, caducous, short, numerous, rarely 

 wanting — Herbs, commonly perennial, spiny, rarely unarmed. 



* Bristles of receptacle glah'ous. Flowerets yellow, 

 t Scales of involucre tapering into an upright, slender prichle. 



1. C. Pe§talozz£e, Boiss. 2f .3 to .5, glabrous tJirougJiout ; 

 branches zigzag, forked. Leaves leathery, reticulate, those of stem 

 oblong-lanceolate, spiny-lobed. Heads terminal, solitary or 1-3 in a 

 cluster, oblong-cylindrical, .01 long, 4:-8-flowered, tapering ; scales of 

 involucre about 30 — Summer — Coelesyria ; Antilebanon ; Salihtyeh 

 (Damascus). 



2. C. raino§is§i]iia, DC. 2f A to .6, bushy ; branches intricate. 

 Leaves leathery, oblong, cobwebby at lower surface, glabrescent at upper, 

 sinuate, spiny-toothed. Heads terminal, nearly solitary, ovate-globular, 

 .01 to .015 long, 7-13-flowered ; scales of involucre 35-40 — June to 

 September — Lebanon ; Coelesyria ; Antilebanon ; Damascus. 



3. C. foliosa, Boiss. et Bal. 1|! .3, bushy ; branches less intri- 

 cate than in last. Leaves leathery, oblong, cobwebby on both surfaces, 

 or glabrescent at upper, sinuate, spiny-toothed. Heads usually solitary, 

 terminal, ovate-conical, .015 long, 7-13-flowered ; scales of involucre 

 35-45 _ Summer — Akherdagh, and northward. Further study may 

 show that 1 and 3 are varieties of 3. 



1 1 Scales of involucre tapering abruptly into a hoolced prichle. 



4. C. Aleppica, Boiss. % .2 to .3, bushy ; leaves leathery, 

 oblong-lanceolate, pinnately lobed and dentate, prickly, glabrous, green 

 at upper surface, woolly-canescent at lower. Heads ovate, .014 long, 



