456 COMPOSITE. (COMPOSITE FAMILY.) 



oblong, .03 to .04 long, croM^ded — July and August — Fields and waste 

 places ; common. 



11. C. fliaeantha, Labill. 11 1 or more ; stem canescent, 

 slender, with long branches. Leaves sparingly cobwebby or glabrous 

 at upper surface, snouy-%cooVy at loicer, linear-lanceolate, half clasping, 

 with remote, small teeth ending in long, slender, yellow spines. Heads 

 usually in pairs, long-peduucled, ovate, .025 to .03 long ; scales of in- 

 volucre ending in stiff, triquetrous, spreading to erect spines, often .02 

 long — Summer — Middle to subalpine zones of Lebanon, HeiTQon, and 

 Antilebanon, to Amanus, Akherdagh, and northward. 



12. C. Taurieolimi, Boiss. et Hausk. 1(! 1 or more ; stem 

 white-woolly. Leaves glabrous at upper surface, and snowy-woolly at 

 lower, linear-lanceolate, M'ith small, triangular, bifid lobes, ending in 

 twin spines. Heads large, terminal, long-peduncled, ovate ; scales of 

 involucre ending in broad, lanceolate-triquetrous, spreading to erect 

 spines — Summer — Valley of Nahr-el-Jihan. 



13. C. Afrum, Jacq. H. Schoub. @ 1 or more ; stem white, 

 tMck, corymbose. Leaves sparingly cobwebby at upper surface, snowy- 

 woolly at lower, the lower linear-lanceolate, pinnatipartite, segments 

 lanceolate, almost reduced to strong, 2-3-parted spines ; stem-leaves 

 oblong-lanceolate, pinnately spiny-lobed. Heads large, slwrt-peduncled ; 

 scales of involucre ending in broad-lanceolate, triquetrous, keeled, 

 spreading or erect spines — Summer — Akherdagh. 



14. C. arTense, L. If Root-stock creeping ; stems erect, 

 grooved, branching above. Leaves glabrescent or canescent, sinuate- 

 pinnatifid into divergent, dentate, short-prickly lobes, or nearly entire. 

 Heads medium-sized, terminal, solitary or clustered, panicled-corymb- 

 ose, the middle by abortion dioecious : scales of involucre appressed, 

 cobwebby at margin, the outer triangular-oblong, ending in a short, 

 somewhat spreading prickle, the inner linear-lanceolate, scarious-tipped 

 — Spring — Mt. C arm el. 



60. KOTOBASIS. Cass. Notobasis. 



Heads hcterogamous ; flowerets all tubular. Involucre imbricated, 

 scales terminating in spines. Receptacle chaffy. Marginal flowerets 

 sterile, central perfect. Filaments hirsute, free, anthers almost without 

 appendages. Akenes obliquely obovate, compressed, smooth, hilum 

 basilar, oblique, chink-like, apex with an obsolete boss. Pappus 

 feathery, in several rows of bristles united in a ring at base — Spiny 

 herbs, with aspect of Cirsium. 



IV. Syriaca, L. © .3 to 1 or more ; stem erect, branching above. 

 Leaves glabrous at upper surface, pubescent at lower, oblong, sinuate- 

 lobed, lobes short, spiny-toothed ; floral leaves with little parenchyma, 

 pinnatipartite into stout, irandiing, narrow-margined spines. Heads 

 ovate, .015 to .025 long ; scales of involucre lanceolate, appressed, 

 somewhat spreading at tip — April to June — Fields; common along 

 coast to subalpine mountains, and interior plains. 



61. CHAIttiEPEUCE, Griseb. Cham.epeuce. 



Heads homogamous, many-flowered, flowerets equal. Scales of 

 involucre imbricated. Receptacle fringed. Corolla ringent. Fila- 



