COMPOSITE. (COMPOSITE FAMILY). 459 



S. MarianuHi, L. (D Milk-Thistle. 1 to 2, glabrous, pale 

 green ; stem simple or slightly branching. Leaves large, mottled with 

 white, pinnatifid into ovate-triangular, sinuate-toothed, spiny lobes. 

 Heads globular, .06 to .1 broad, concave at base ; outer scales of in- 

 volucre oblong at base, broadening into an ovate, prickly-ciliate, mar- 

 gined appendage which tapers abruptly into a long, stiff spine ; inner 

 scales lanceolate, entire — April to June — Waste fields and roadsides ; 

 coast to subalpine regions, and interior plains. 



65. TYRIMNUS, Cass. Tyrimnus. 



Heads many-flowered, heterogamous, the marginal flowerets 

 neutral. Scales of involucre imbricated, spiny. Receptacle covered 

 with fringed bristles. Corolla obringeut, gaping. Filaments monadel- 

 phous, hirsute at base ; anthers obsoletely caudate. Akenes compressed, 

 glossy, slightly 4-angled, hilum at base, rather oblique, margin and 

 boss at apex elevated. Pappus consisting of several rows of bristles, 

 somewhat scabrous at tip, united into a deciduous ring at base — 

 Annual herbs, distinguished from Carduus by the monadelphous 

 filaments of the stamens. 



T. leucographus, L. .3 to .5, cobwebby-can escent ; stem 

 erect, slender, winged below, ending in long, wand-like, naked, 1- 

 headed branches. Lower leaves ovate-oblong, upper narrow-lanceolate, 

 decurrent, all short-lobed, prickly-toothed. Heads ovate, .01 to .015 

 long ; corolla purple — May — Coast, and lower slopes of coast range. 



66. ST^HELiINA, L. St^ehklina. 



Heads homogamous, equal-flowered. Involucre cylindrical, scales 

 imbricated, entire. Receptacle clothed with chaff fringed into bristles. 

 Filaments glabrous, sagittate at base. Akenes striate, hilum near base. 

 Pappus in 1 row, chaffy at base ; pales parted to middle or beyond 

 into five, barbellate bristles — Perennials, with woody base, and rigid 

 stems. 



S. apiculata, Labill. 5 Kaffat-el-'' Ajuz. .3 to .5 ; stems 

 numerous, wand-like, simple, leafy, ending in a close corymb with few 

 heads. Leaves sessile, lanceolate to linear, .01 to .02 long, .002 broad, 

 mucronate. Heads oblong-cylindrical, .014 long, .004 broad, tapering 

 at base ; scales of involucre mucronate, triangular to oblong ; flowerets 

 pink — August and September — Fissures of rocks ; subalpine Leba- 

 non, Amanus, and northward. A decoction of the plant is used as a 

 remedy for intermittents. 



67. JURIXEA, Cass. Jurinea. 



Heads homogamous, equal-flowered. Scales of involucre imbricat- 

 ed, entire, mucronate or prickly-tipped, the inner longer. Receptacle 

 bristly. Filaments glabrous, sagittate at base. Akenes with a straight 

 or somewhat oblique hilum, obpyramidal, 4-angled or compressed, 

 smooth or wrinkled, apex truncate and more or less clearly margined. 

 Pappus feathery, the inner bristles longer, all united at base into a 

 cylindrical nodule covering the boss of the akene, at length falling with 

 it — Distinguished from Serratula by characteristics of pappus. 



