COMPOSITE, (composite FAMILY.) 461 



Pappus persistent, the outer in several rows of rigid, barbellate bristles, 

 the inner in 1 row of 5-10, broad, short pales — Annual herbs. 



C crupmaslrum, Moris. .3 to .6, scabrous; stem erect, 

 dichotomously branched. Lower leaves pinnatiparted into oblong, 

 dentate lobes, upper into linear, denticulate lobes. Heads oblong, 

 .014 long, 9-15-flowered ; flowerets jjurple ; inner pappus of 5, oblong 

 pales, denticulate at tip — April to June — Common except in alpine 

 regions. 



70. A^^IBERBOA, Isnard. Amberboa. 



Heads heterogamous, marginal flowers rayed. Involucre im- 

 bricated. Receptacle bristly. Akenes villous, striate-ribbed, transverse- 

 ly wrinkled, with a tubular pit in the centre of the apex. Hilum 

 lateral, deeply hollowed, with crustaceous margin. Pappus persistent, 

 consisting of several rows of scabrous pales, the inner longer, dilated 

 at tip — Annual herbs, distinguished from Centaurea by the pappus. 



1. A. Lippii, L. .15 to .2?», papillose; stems slender, erect 

 or diffuse, stiff. Lower leaves petioled, lyrate or pinnatisect into ovate or 

 oblong, dentate lobes ; upper leaves sessile, pionatipartite into linear 

 lobes. Heads ovale, .008 long, long-peduncled ; involucre villous, 

 scales taftering into a lanceolate, scarious, erect tip ; flowerets all pinJs 

 — February to May — Sandy places ; Arabia Petraea. 



2, A. crupinoules, Desf. .2 to .4, villous or glabrescent ; 

 stems slender, forked. Lower leaves nearly sessile, pinnatipartite into 

 linear or oblong, usually toothed lobes ; upper sessile, pinnatipartite. 

 Heads ovate oHong, .01 long ; scales of involucre d-S-lined, acute, with 

 NacJcish tip ; marginal jlowerets dlue, dish-jlowerets golden — March and 

 April — Sandy places ; deserts about southern Palestine to Sinai and 

 Egypt. 



Heads heterogamous. Involucre imbricated, scales in several rows, 

 membranous, the outer with a pectinate-fringed appendage. Receptacle 

 bristly. Anthers with short appendages at base, filaments glabrous. 

 Akenes 3-furrowed at apex, hilum lateral, deep. Pappus persistent, 

 rigid, of 2 forms, the outer composed of several rows of bristles, the 

 inner of one row of pales or bristles, shorter — Annual herbs, distin- 

 guished from Centaurea by the akenes. 



1. iS. l(eptasirea, L. .3 to .6, puberulent-scabrous ; stem 

 erect, divaricate ; branches slender. Lower leaves pinnatipartite or 

 lyrate, iTpper oblong to linear, sessile. Heads ovate, peduncled, 

 thickened at apex, .03 broad ; ray Jlowerets orange-colored ; outer 

 pappus composed of white bristles, inner of UacJc, spathulate, 4-5-tooth- 

 ed pales — May to September — Coelesyria and Antilebanon to Aleppo, 

 Aintab, Marash, and eastward. 



2. Z. purpurea, Fresen. .2 to .3 ; stem erect, forked ; 

 branches slender. Lower leaves narrow-oblong, undivided or pin- 

 natipartite, upper narrow-linear. Heads minute, globular, with slender 

 peduncles ; vaj ^owav^t^ flesh-colored to lohite ; all the h-istles of thepap* 

 pus white, slender, and entire — Saving — Rocks; Arabia Petrsea. 



