473 COMPOSITE, (composite family.) 



rows, gradually increasing in length from the outer to the inner — 

 Herbs, with habit of Centaurea, flowerets (in ours) yellow. 

 * Pappus j)lumose. Beads .02 ^ .03 long. 



1. Ph. L.ibaiioticus, Boiss. 2^ -05 to .3 ; stems 1-2-headed. 

 Leaves Imear, sinuate-piimatiloled. Heads oblong-conical, .02 long, 

 .01 broad ; scales of involucre with 3-4 pairs of prickly bristles shorter 

 than the scales — Summer — Subalpine and alpine Lebanon and 



Hermon. 



2. Pli. Kolgoliyi, Boiss. 11 .2 to .5 ; stems erect or ascending, 

 simple or branching. Leaves oblanceolate to lanceolate, entire. Heads 

 ovate-conical, .03 long, .01 broad ; scales of involucre with 2-4 pairs 

 of prickles, terminal spine shorter than scale, weak — Summer — 



Var. Per§icu§i, Boiss. Prickles and spines fewer and weaker — 

 AJkherdagh. 



Var. floceosus, Boiss. Woolly-can escent ; stems decumbent ; 

 leaves narrower ; terminal spine of scales shorter, more slender, and 

 beset at base by prickles or bristles — Between Marash and Aint^b. 



3. Pli. ]oiigi»pliiu§, Post. (Plantae Postianse ii, 14) If .2 to 



.6, sparingly cobwebby, scabrous, pale green ; stems erect, simple or 

 sparingly branched. Leaves lanceolate-linear, the lowest tapering to a 

 petiole, pinnatiaect into Jeu. ollong loles., the upper sessile, olfoletely 

 repand-dentate or entire. Heads ovate-conical, .03 long, .015 broad ; 

 appendage of scales spreading or refltxed, the ternnTtal spine .02 to .03 

 long, much longer than the 1-2 pairs of lateral prickles ; pappus white, 

 nearly twice as long as the .008 long akene — July — Fields and gravel- 

 ly places ; eastern wadis of northern Antilebanon ; 'Asal-el-Ward 

 plateau. 



* * Pappus larlellate oi' scabrous. 

 t Heads as large as a walnut^ solitary, nodding. 



4. Ph. Aiiitabicus, Post. (Plantee Postianse iii.) If, sparing- 

 ly papillose, scabridulous. Lpper leaves ollong, acute, seiTate, the 

 ujypermost transformed into fimbriated Iracts. Peduncles short, thick- 

 ened, nodding ; appendages of involucre scales ovate, refiexed, 

 pectinate-priclly at margin, terminal prickle longer and stronger than 

 the lateral, the margin of the uppjer scales ragged-dentate, pappus as long 

 as akene — June — Aintab. Described from specimens destitute of lower 

 leaves. A species near Ph. Armenus, J. et Sp., distinguished by un- 

 divided leaves, and pectinate-prickly instead of palmate-prickly mar- 

 gin. 



t t Heads smaller than a hazel-nut. 



5. P. scoparius, Sieb. 5 SirMn. Woody at lase; stems fork- 

 ed ; branches interlocked, 1-headed. Lower leaves j9mr?aj:27<?Z/6c?, inter- 

 mediate undivided, upper small, scale-like. Heads oblong, peduncled; 

 scales of involucre yellow, tipped with a spreading spine longer than 

 the scale, with two prickles at base ; pappus white, about twice as long 

 as akene — Sinai to upper Egypt. 



76. PTOSIMOPAPPUS, Boiss. Ptosimopappus. 



Heads heterogamous. Scales leathery, imbricated in many rows, 

 mucronate at tip. Akenes smooth, compressed, hilum lateral, excavat- 



