COMPOSITE, (composite FAMILY.) 473 



Pappus caducous, 

 nearly all in 1 row of rough bristles — Evergreen herbs, woody at base. 



P. bracteatus, Boiss. 5 1 to 2 ; stems thick, terete, indurat- 

 ed, naked, corymbose. Leaves of sterile branches oblong-spathulate, 



.15 long, .03 broad, entire, petioled, of fertile branches oblong-linear, 

 .02 to .03 long, .003 to .005 broad. Heads ovate-conical, .015 long — 



June to September — Open glades ; Cassius and Amanus. - 



77. CARTHAHUS, L. Carthamus. Safflovter. Qurtum. 



Heads homogamous, many- and equal-flowered. Involucre in 

 several rows, the outer scales leaf -like, spiny, the inner scarious. Re- 

 ceptacle densely fringed with long bristles. Filaments free ; anthers 

 not caudate at base. Akenes club-shaped or obovate, obtusely 4-angled, 

 bald or pappose ; hilum lateral. Pales or bristles of pappus in several 

 rows, scabridulous — Herbs, with spiny-toothed and -lobed leaves 



* Papjjus chaffy. 



t Inner row of pappus shorter than outer. 



X Inner scales of involucre entire. 



1. C lanatu§, L. (D .5 to 1, more or less cobweUbtj ; stem 

 erect, corymbose. Root-leaves lyrate, stem-leaves leathery, lanceolate, 



pinnatifid or parted. Heads (?m^ .02 to .03 long; flowerets yellow; 

 akenes thick, top-shaped — June to October — Waste places ; common. 



2. C. glaucus, M.B. © Qus. .5 to 1, puberulent, canescent ; 

 stem erect, corymbose. Lower leaves lyrate-pinnatifid, stem-leaves ob- 

 long-lanceolate to linear-lanceolate, spiny-toothed. Heads ollong-ovate, 

 .02 long ; ^oyitiQis purple ; akenes short-ovate — Summer — 



Var. Syriacu§, Boiss. Crisp-woolly to glabrescent. Pales usual- 

 ly white, the intermediate very acute — Waste places and fields ; 

 common along coast, and lower and middle mountain zones. 



Var. tenuis, Boiss. Glabrescent. Leaves narrower ; heads 

 smaller ; pappus becoming black ; intermediate pales sometimes obtuse 

 — Coast. 



} \ Inner scales of involucre pectinate-ciliate toward tip. 



3. C. nitidus, Boiss. Glabrous ; stem erect, glossy, whitish, 

 corymbose above. Lower leaves lyrate ; stem-leaves linear-lanceolate, 

 pinnatiparted into lanceolate spines. Heads oblong, medium ; flower- 

 ets purplish — Spring and summer — Damascus ; Jericho. 



1 1 Inner row of pappus hristly^ longer than outer. 



4. C flavescen§, Willd. .5 to 1, glabrous ; stem white, 

 corymbose above. Leaves ovate-lanceolate to lanceolate, the lower spiny- 

 toothed or lobed, the upper loith short, yellow spines at margin. Heads 

 ovate, .015 long; flowerets yellow — June and July — Fields and 

 waste places ; Coelesyria, Antilebanon, and Damascus, to Palmyra, 

 Aleppo, Aintab, Marash, and northward. 



Var. stenopliyllus, Post. Leaves linear-lanceolate — Aintab. 



* * Pappus all composed of h'istles. 



5. C. caeruleus, L. If .4 to .5 or more ; stem stiff, leafy, nearly 

 le. Leaves oblong-lanceolate, tapering into a petiole, upper sessile, 



63 



