476 COMPOSITE, (composite family.) 



a pappus of short bristles and dilated pales ; inner akenes angular- 

 cylindrical, slender, frequently sterile, sometimes — Stemless herbs. 



H. scabra, L. © .1 to .15 ; root slender ; leaves oblong-linear 

 in outline, pinnatipartite into ovate, toothed segments. Scapes thick- 

 ened, clup-shaped toward tip. Heads .01 long, ,004 broad ; outer 

 scales of involucre one-fifth as long as inner — February to April — 

 Fields ; coast. 



84. HEDYPIVOIS, Tournef. Hedypnois, 



Heads many-flowered. Receptacle naked. Involucre in several 

 rows, the outer scales minute, calyculate, the inner, concave, hardened 

 in fruit, nearly enclosing the marginal akenes. Akenes nearly terete, 

 striate, beakless, the outer tipped with a short, cup-like, ragged-tooth- 

 ed margin, the inner with lanceolate-subulate pales — Annual herbs. 



H. Cretica, L. .1 to .2 ; stems erect or diffuse, sparingly 

 branched, sometimes reduced to a 1-2-headed scape. Root-leaves ob- 

 ovate to obovate-oblong, sinuate-toothed to pinnatifid — Spring — 



Fields ; common along coast, and in lower mountains ; Jordan 



Valley. 



Var. g^raciltor, Boiss. .% to .35. Peduncles slender, scarcely 

 club-shaped at tip — Coast. 



§5. TOLPIS, Gsertn. Tolpis. 



Heads many-flowered. Receptacle naked. Involucre calyculate, 

 scales long and slender. Akenes short, somewhat 4-angled, tapering 

 at base, truncate at apex, either all tipped with a pappus of 2-15 

 bristles, or the marginal ones with a little crown of very short bristles 

 — Annual or biennial herbs, with dichotomous stems and yellow 

 flowers. 



1. T. umbellata, Bertol. .3 to .6. Outer scales of involucre 

 subulate, inner lanceolate^ shorter ; outer akenes crowned with short 

 bristles, the rest with 4-5 bristles thrice as long as akenes — Spring — 

 Beirut ; Beitmeri (Lebanon). 



2. T. alti§8iina, Pers. Ench. @ .5 to 1. Outer scales of in- 

 volucre linear, much shorter than inner ; akenes all with a ^xippus of 4- 

 12, long bristles — July and August — Uncultivated fields ; common. 



86. I. APS AX A, L. Nipple- Wort. 



Heads many-flowered. Involucre in two rows, the outer scales 3-5, 

 very small, the inner 8-10, keel-shaped, convergent in fruit. Receptacle 

 naked. Akenes compressed at back, about 20-striate, ending in a very 

 short, obtuse margin — Annual herbs with yellow flowers. 



1, I^. eommunls, L. .3 to 1 oy ioiotq, panided. Root-leaves 

 lyrate ; stem-leaves ovate, coarse-dentate, the uppermost lanceolate, 

 entire. Flowerets once and a half as long as involucre — July to Septem- 

 ber — Woods ; Cassius, and northward. 



2. L, pe€luiiculari§, Boiss. .5 to 1 or more, dichotomous- 

 corynibose. Root-leaves lyrate ; stem-leaves few, lanceolate to linear. 

 Flowerets twice as long as involucre — June to September — Middle 



