COMPOSITE, (composite FAMILY.) 477 



zone of Lebanon and Antilebanon to Cassius, Amanus, Akherdagh, and 

 northward. 



87. KCEL.PIXIA, Pall. KffiLPiNiA. 



Heads several-flowered. Receptacle naked. Outer involucre of 

 two, very small scales ; scales of true involucre 5-7, in one row, more 

 or less united in fruit. Akenes free, uniform, slender-cylindrical, 

 curved, striate, beset with barbed prickles in rows, the terminal ones 

 7-9, recurved, wineglass-shaped — Annual herbs, with yellow flowers. 



K.. linearis, Pall. .1 to .2 ; stems erect, dichotomous. 

 Leaves linear-filiform. Flowerets a little longer than involucre ; akenes 

 spreading, twice as long as the linear-lanceolate scales — March and 

 April — Sandy and waste places from Egypt and Sinai to Jerusalem, 

 Jericho, Antilebanon, Damascus, Palmyra, and northward and east- 

 ward. 



§§. RIIACrAI>IOL.U8, Tourn. Rhagadiolus. 



Heads several-flowered. Receptacle naked, glabrous. Involucre 

 in two rows, the outer calyculate, of 5, small scales, the inner of 5-8, 

 cylindrical scales, wholly enclosing the marginal akenes, hardened and 

 persistent in fruit. Akenes awl-shaped, somewhat compressed at back, 

 gradually tapering to tip, all bald, the inner not enclosed by scales, 

 caducous, the outer at length spreading in a star shape, persistent — 

 Annual herbs with yellow flowers. 



R. stellatus, DC. .3 to 1 ; stems erect or diffuse, dichoto- 

 mous. Leaves tender, the lower lyrate, toothed or nearly entire — 

 Spring — 



Var. bebelsBnus, Boiss. Inner akenes pubescent — Fields; 

 common throughout, except in alpine regions and deserts. 



Var. ]eiolaenu§, Boiss. Inner akenes glabrous. Leaves usually 

 obovate, toothed — Common. 



89. OARHADIOL.US, Jaub. Gaehadiolus. 



Heads several-flowered. Receptacle naked. Involucre in two rows, 

 the outer scales few, very small, calyculate, the inner boat-shaped, 

 enclosing the lower part of the outer akenes, growing and indurated in 

 fruit. Akenes hook-shaped, cylindrical, tapering toward tip, with a 

 small, fringed crown — Low annuals, with yellow flowers. 



1. O. Hedypnois, F. et M. .05 to .2, hii^tulous to glabrous. 

 Leaves obovate-oblong, dentate or pinnatifid at base. Peduncles at 

 length thickened ; heads .008 long ; flowerets scarcely longer than in- 

 volucre ; scales in fruit somewliat divergent — April and May — Waste 

 fields and barren places ; common. 



2. €r. bamosus, Boiss. et Haussk. .1 to .4, hispid. Leaves 

 obovate-oblong to ovate-oblong. Peduncles scarcely thickened ; heads 

 .01 long ; flowerets twice as long as involucre, stellate-spreading — May 

 — Aleppo to Aintab, and northward. 



90. ZACYl^THA, Tourn. Zacyntha. 



Heads several-flowered. Outer scales of involucre calyculate, 5, 

 short, the inner 8, becoming gibbous at back in fruit, thickened, hard, 



