478 COMPOSITE. (COMPOSITE FAMILY.) 



concave, enclosing the outer akenes, and corvergent at tip. Akenes of 

 two forms, the marginal laterally compressed, gibbous at back, tapering 

 into a very short, rather one-sided beak, those of disk beakless, nearly 

 terete. Pappus scabrous, caducous — Annual herbs, with yellow 

 flowers. 



Z. verrucosa, Gsertn. .2 to .3, leafy below, often scape- 

 like, rigid, dichotomous. Root-leaves oblong-obovate, dentate, run- 

 cinate or lyrate, the intermediate sagittate at base, the upper linear- 

 setaceous. Heads .005 long, the terminal only peduncled — April to 

 July — Fields and roadsides ; coast, and lower mountains, and interior 

 plains. 



91. RODIOIA, Spr. Rodigia. 



Heads many-flowered. Involucre calyculate, the outer scales very 

 short. Receptacle beset with linear-lanceolate chaff, scarcely shorter 

 than the beaks of the akenes. Akenes uniform, very slender, slightly 

 scabrous, tapering into a beak, that of the inner akenes long, of the 

 outer shorter. Pappus composed of bristles — Annual herbs, with 

 yellow flowers, and aspect of Barkhausia. 



R. cotnmutata. Spr. © .1 to .2, dichotomous. Root-leaves 

 petioled, spathulate-oblong, dentate to lyrate ; stem-leaves sessile, 

 lanceolate to linear, auricled and 2-3-fid at base. Heads .01 to .015 

 long, long-peduncled — May — Palmyrene desert, and northward. 



92. PICRIS, L. Picius. 



Heads many-flowered. Involucre calyculate. Receptacle naked. 

 Akenes transversely wrinkled, apex tapering, rounded or beaked. 

 Pappus either similar in all the akenes, united in a ring at base, the 

 interior bristles stronger, plumose, the outer fewer, short, or that of the 

 marginal akenes corisisting of short bristles more or less united in a 

 cup — Strigose or hirsute, monocarpic or perennial herbs, with yellow 

 flowers. 



* Pappus of all the akenes similar. 



t Biennials. 



1. P. stricta, Jord. (5) 1 or more, rough-hairy ; stem racemose- 

 panicled. Leaves toothed or sinuate, oblong-lanceolate, the radical 

 tapering at base, the upper sessile, half-clasping. Peduncles short ; 

 heads .01 to .014 long ; ahenes contracted at tip into a hemispherical boss 



— September — Fields and roadsides, Lebanon ; Antioch ; Amanus, 

 and northward. 



2. P. §trigo§a, M. B. @ . 5 to 1 or more, strigose, branching 

 from base ; stems slender, acutely striate, angular. Lower leaves oblong- 

 lanceolate, runcinate to lyrate, upper sessile, deflexed, linear. Heads 

 .005 to .008 long, the terminal on long, slender peduncles, the lateral 

 more rarely on short peduncles ; akenes tapering into a very short healc 



— Summer — Dry and rocky places ; in mountains to subalpine 

 regions. 



1 1 Annuals. 



3. P. pauciflora, Willd. Rough-hairy, erect, sparingly 

 branched. Leaves toothed or nearly entire, the lower oblanceolate, 



