COMPOSITE. (COMPOSITE FAMILY.) 485 



into linear-lanceolate lobes. Heads .014 long and broad ; akenes 

 tapering into a slender heah as long as they — March and April — North- 

 ern borders of et-Tih ; Gaza ; Palmyra ; east of Aintab. 



* * Perennials. Pappus of 15-40 iristles. 



3. Li. Libanoticiim, Boiss. If .1 to .2, whitish with short and 

 foi'Tced hairs. Leaves oblanceolate, wavy-toothed to incised, tapering 



into a* petiole. Heads .015 loug ; lower scales of involucre triangular ^ 

 ciliate ; upper lanceolate, elongated ; akenes cylindrical, tapering 

 toward tip — July to September — Alpine Lebanon ; Ziaretdagli 

 (Amanus). 



4. \j. asperrimum, Willd. 2^ .1 to .4, pale-green, hispid with 

 rigid hairs, stellate-forked at tip ; scapes 1-headed, dilated at tip, with 

 small, linear to subulate, scattered leaves. Leaves oblong-lanceolate, 

 remotely toothed. Heads .025 long in flower, .005 broad in fruit ; 

 scales of involucre obtuse, the outer oUong. the inner lanceolate, elon- 

 gated, pectinate-fringed at margin and nerve with stout, white hairs ; 

 akenes .025 long, gradually tapering from middle — May to July — 

 Subalpine and alpine Lebanon ; Aintab, and northward and east- 

 ward. 



102. THRIXCIA, Roth. Thrincia. 



Heads many-flowered. Involucre imbricated, outer scales at 

 length somewhat keeled. Receptacle naked. Akenes of margin taper- 

 ing, beakless, ending in a fringed cup, or bald, the inner slightly 

 beaked, tipped with a pappus of feathery rays, dilated, chaffy at base 

 — Perennial, stemless herbs, with yellow flowers. 



T, tuberosa, L. 11 .1 to .25, more or less bristly with forked 

 hairs ; root-stock very short, praemorse, surrounded by a cluster of fusi- 

 form tubers. Leaves oblong-spathulate, dentate to lyrate or runcinate. 

 Scapes 1-headed ; heads .02 long, .015 broad ; scales of involucre 

 lanceolate, more or less hairy at back ; akenes muricate-wrinkled, the 

 outer tapering, the inner a little longer than the beak — Spring — 

 Weedy places ; common to subalpine regions. 



103. TARAXACUIW, Juss. Dandelion. 



Heads many-flowered. Involucre imbricated, nearly calyculate. 

 Receptacle naked. Akenes nearly similar, somewhat compressed-4- 

 angled, striate, scaly-muricate, especially above, rarely smooth, taper- 

 ing into a small, pyramidal tip, ending in a beak — Perennial, stem- 

 less herbs, with yellow flowers. 



* Akenes shorter than the beaJc, or as long. 



1. T, montanum, C. A. Mey. 21 Glaucescent ; root vertical. 

 Leaves .15 to .3 long, firm, pinnatifld or - parted, sometimes lyrate, seg- 

 ments triangular, somewhat scythe-shaped. Scapes woolly, 1-headed, 

 or once or twice 2-branched ; heads .025 long ; akenes tapering at each 

 end, muricate, beak slender, four times as long as akene — July and 

 August — Stony places ; Amanus, Akherdagh, and nothward and east- 

 ward. 



2. T. serotinum, W. K. 11 Glaucous ; root-vertical, thick, 

 scaly. Leaves thickish, crisp-velvety, sometimes woolly, oblong, some- 



