486 COMPOSITE. (COMPOSITE FAMILY.) 



what petioled, entire, toothed, orruncinate. Scapes 1-headed, thick; 

 heads .025 long ; akenes short-tapering at base, nearly as long asUah 

 — July to September — - Alpine and subaipine Lebanon and Antileba- 

 non, and Antilebanon Plateaus. 



3. T. officinale, Wigg. % Glabrous or sparingly pubescent ; 

 root vertical. Leaves oblong- to linear-lanceolate, runcinate, toothed, 

 or rarely entire. Scapes 1-headed ; akenes muricate toward tip, abrujjt- 

 ly contracted into a pyramid ; beak slender, longer than akene — 

 Spring — 



Yar. genuinuiTi, Koch. Leaves deeply lobed or parted. Scales 

 of involucre linear, the outer shorter, deflexed — Lebanon ; Damascus; 

 AintSb, and northward. 



Var. laeivigatuin, Bisch. Leaves narrow, runcinate — Northern 

 Lebanon to Damascus, Aleppo, Amtab, and northward. 



Var. alpiiium, Koch. Plant small ; scapes scarcely longer than 

 leaves ; heads .006 to .01 long ; scales of involucre short, spreading — 

 Middle zone of Lebanon and Antilebanon. 



Var. lividum, Koch. Leaves entire or pinnatifid ; outer scales 

 of involucre ovate, margined — Lebanon ; Aintab. 



4. T. gym 11 an til iim, Link. % Root thick ; neck woolly 

 between the leaves. Leaves glabrous, coming later than flowers, 

 linear-lanceolate, somewhat lyrate-pinnatipartite, segments small, close, 

 triangular. Scapes 1-headed ; heads .015 long ; akenes wrinkled 

 almost from base, prickly toward tip, abruptly contracted into a 

 pyramid, beak slender, a little longer than alcene — September to Novem- 

 ber — Coast to middle Lebanon. 



* * Akenes longer than heah. 



5. T. Assemani, Bl. % Root thick. Leaves oblong to linear- 

 lanceolate, entire or toothed to pinuatipartite into triangular segments. 

 Scapes slender, shorter than leaves or longer ; heads .01 long ; outer 

 scales of involucre membranous, short-lanceolate, inner linear ; 

 akenes prismatic, tapering ai both ends, smooth or barely muricate 

 above; heah much shorter than ahcne — April to September — Alpine 

 Lebanon ; Yebrud to Qaryetein. 



104. CHO]^DRIL.L.A, L. Chondrilla. 



Heads few-flowered, flowerets in two rows. Involucre calyculate, of 

 few scales. Receptacle naked. Akenes 5-angled, 5-ribbed, ribs scaly- 

 muricate toward tip, the upper scales elongated into a little, spreading 

 crown. Beak as long as akene or longer — Biennial herbs, with 

 slender, interlaced branches, at length leafless, and yellow flowers. 



Ch. juiicea, L. d) 1 or more ; stems hispid below, glabrescent 

 above. Root-leaves obovate-oblong, soon withering ; stem-leaves 

 linear-lanceolate to linear, entire. Heads solitary or 2-5 in a cluster — 

 Summer — Dry fields ; coast to middle mountain regions and interior 

 plains. 



105. L.ACTUCA, L. Lettuce. Rhus. 



Heads 5-co -flowered. Involucre imbricated, scales sometimes 

 nearly in two rows. Receptacle naked. Akenes similar, compressed 



