490 COMPOSITE, (composite family.) 



5. S. inaritiniu§, L. 21 .4 to .6 ; stems hollow, simple or with 

 few branches. Leaves linear-lanceolate, entire or with few, sinuate 

 teeth. Scales of involucre broad, obtuse, the outer oblong, the inner 

 oblong-lanceolate ; akenes with hroad and thick margins, and 3, elevat- 

 ed ribs — Spring — About Damascus. 



109. ZOL.LIKOFERIA, DC. Zollikoferia. 



Heads many- or few-flowered. Involucre imbricated. Receptacle 

 naked. Akenes of 3 forms, the outer columnar-prismatic, rarely some- 

 what compressed at back, truncate, rarely somewhat tapering-beaked, 

 velvety or transversely wrinkled-tubercled, the inner white, glabrous 

 or smooth, truncate, not tapering. Pappus soft-hairy, flexible, hairs 

 similar — Herbs, or shrubs with spiny, interlocked branches, and 

 yellow flowers. Differs from Lactuca and Sonchus in the two sorts of 

 akenes. 



* Herl)S. Akenes terete-prismatic, truncate or acutish. 

 t Heads ovate. Outer akenes velvety, smooth. 



1. Z. inucronata, Forsk. 21 .5 to .8, glabrous ; stem erect, 

 dichotomous, and lopsely corymbose. Lower leaves petioled, lanceo- 

 late in outline, bipinnatipartite or -lobed, lobes oblong to linear, 

 mucronate ; stem-leaves oblong, auricled-toothed or many-cleft at base. 

 Scales of involucre white-margined, ovate to oblong, tip of outer ones 

 contracted into an obtuse prickle ; akenes 4:-hor?ied at lase ; pappus 

 persistent, longer than akene — April and May — Jordan Valley to et-Tih, 

 Sinai, and Egypt. 



2. Z. tenuiloba, Boiss. @ Ta'did. .1 to .3, glabrous ; stem 

 branching from neck. Root-leaves rosetted, elongated, pinnatipartite 

 into slender, linear, entire or sparingly denticulate, white-mucronate 

 lobes ; stem-leaves with minute appendages at base. Outer scales of 

 involucre ovate, abruptly white-tipped, inner linear-lanceolate ; pappus 

 persistent, as long as akene — Spring — Coast from Beirut southward 

 to et-Tih. 



3. Z. Arabica, Boiss. (D Ilaudhdn. Yamrur. ^Udeid. JIadideh. 

 Mureir. .03 to .2, glabrous, branching from base ; stems thick, 1-4- 

 headed. Leaves oblong-lanceolate in outline, pectinate-pinnatifid into 

 oblong, callous-toothed lobes. Scales of involucre herbaceous, not 

 margined, orbicular to elliptical and oblong, obtusely callous-tipped ; 

 akenes silky, 4-angled, hirsute at angles, the short pappus persistent, 

 longer than akene — March and April — Sinai and et-Tih. 



t t HerT)s. Heads cylindrical. Outer akenes wrinkled-muricate. 



4. Z. iiuclicauli§, L. If .3 to .5, loosely corymbose above. 

 Root-leaves rosetted, oblong- to linear-spathulate in outline, runcinate, 

 lobes cartilaginous-toothed ; stem-leaves few, small, at the lower forks. 

 Heads short-pedicelled ; scales with broad, white margins, the lower 

 triangular, with a minute, spathulate-dilated tip ; akenes scarcely com- 

 pressed, 5-6-furrowed, oltuse at tip and obtusely ribbed ; pappus persist- 

 ent — March — Sinai to Egypt. 



5. Z. fallax, Jaub. et Sp. li Marurah. JSuwtcah. .3 to .4, 

 loosely corymbose. Root-leaves rosetted, oblong- to linear-spathulate 

 in outline, runcinate, lobes cartilaginous-toothed. Scales of involucre 



