494 COMPOSITJE. (COMPOSITE FAMILY.) 



into a petiole ; stem-leaves clasping, lanceolate. Heads .03 to .035 

 long ; base of involucre truncate ; scales ovate-cordate to oblong ; 

 flowerets yellow toward tip, dark purple at base ; alcenes .02 long, 

 thick-ribbed and deeply furrowed, ribs of outer ones loavy-toothed ; 

 pappus dirty white, shorter tlian seed — April to June — Subalpine and 

 alpine Lebanon, and Antilebanon. A showy species. 



7. S. parviflora, Jacq. If .3 to .4; root-stock short, 'proi- 

 morse, with two to three cylindrical fibres ; neck nearly naked ; stem 

 rather bare, usually 1-headed. Root-leaves linear-lanceolate, with 

 broad petioles ; stem-leaves 1-3, linear, the upper very small. Heads 

 .02 to .03 long; marginal flowerets a little longer than involucre ; 

 akenes short, angled, white, obsoletely tubercled, half as long as white, 

 caducous pappus — April — Merj (Damascus) . 



1 1 1 Tufted ; root-stock woody ; leaTies linear. Pa^tpus plumose lelow^ 

 scadrous toward tip. 



8. S. Makmeliana, Boiss. If .05 to .15 ; stems rigid, 1-2- 

 headed. Heads .015 long, short-peduncled ; scales of involucre woolly, 

 somewhat spreading, triangular to lanceolate ; flowerets yellow, the 

 outer reddish without, about one-fourth longer than involucre ; akenes 

 striate, shorter than reddish-brown pappus — July to September — Alpine 

 Lebanon and Antilebanon. Too near 8. pygmcea, Sibth. et. Sm. 



9. S. rig'ida, Auch. If .1 to .2, appressed-canescent ; stems 

 rigid, slender, simple, 1-headed, or few-branched, taller than length of 

 leaves. Heads .01 to .013 long ; flowerets yellow, the outer about one- 

 third longer than involucre ; akenes obtusely ribbed, furrowed, longer 

 than dirty ichite pajyjms — September — Alpine Lebanon. 



* * Akenes woolly or villous along their whole length. Pappus plumose. 

 t Root tuberous. Flowerets yellow. 



10. S. lanata, M. B. % Mussah. DhebahlU. .1 to .25, tufted, 

 woolly. Leaves linear-lanceolate to linear, about as long as 1-headed 

 scapes. Heads .015 long ; scales of involucre lanceolate, nearly equal, 

 as long as yellow flowerets ; pappus reddish, /owr times as long asake?ies 

 — March and April — Argillaceous soil ; et-Tih ; Damascus to Palmyra, 

 Aleppo, and north-eastward. 



11. S. Keiiissea, Boiss. (Suppl. Fl. Or. 321). If .06 to .12, 

 appressed-canescent, glaucous ; stems leafy, racemed almost from base. 

 Leaves 3-nerved, the lower oblong-lanceolate, acute, .015 to .02 long, 

 .006 to .008 broad, the upper linear-lanceolate, acuminate. Peduncles 

 ascending, long ; heads .012 to .015 long ; outer scales of involucre 

 triangular-acuminate, short, inner lanceolate, canescent, one-third 

 longer than scales ; pappus reddish, somewhat shorter than aJcene — 

 Summer — East face of Jebel Keniseh. 



1 1 Poot cylindrical or fusiform. Flowerets yellowy 



12. S. Kot§cli5'i, Boiss. If .15 to .25, flocculent below, glabres- 

 cent above ; stems leafy below, sometimes branching. Leaves grass- 

 like. Peduncles long ; heads .02 long ; scales of involucre membranous 

 at margin, the outer ovate, the inner oblong to elliptical ; flowerets 

 one-third longer than scales ; pappus tawny, once and a half as long as 

 ahene — May -- Antioch to Aleppo, Aintab, and north-eastward. 



