736 CUPULIFEll^. (OAK FAMILY.) 



more or less pubescent at axils of nerves of lower. Pistillate calkins 1-3 

 from a bud, .02 long. .012 in diameter, longer tlaan peduncles; nutlets 

 Avingless-- February and March — Common along banks of streams to 

 1500 m. 



Order 0. crPri^lFJER^, Rich. (Oak Family). 



Trees vr shruhs, with alternate and shnjyle, straight- 

 veined leaves, deciduous sti])ules, and moyuecious floxoers. 

 Staminatefloioers in catkins faments), (or capitate-clustered 

 in Fagus); peHgonium of o-S), unequal sq?cds,orO; stamens 

 5-20. Pistillate flowers solitary or clustered.fumished with 

 an invol'ucre which forms a cu]} or covering to the \-ceUed, 

 i-seeded nut, Perigonium adnate to ovary, the limh denticu- 

 late^ often caducous — Ovaiy 2-6-celleclj the cells 1-2-oviilecl. 

 St^^les 2-6, connate at base. Fruit formed by the involucre 

 enclosing the pericarp, or sheathing its base. Embryo 

 straight, radicle looking toward the hilum. Albnmen 0. 



1. CAKPIXl'S. Strobile of fertile flowers loose : nutlets (.003 long), each subtended by two 



leafy bractlets, 



2. OrSTKYA. ^«trobiIe of fertile flowers dense j a pair of nutlets (.003 long) at base of each 



deciduous bract, each surrounded by a bladdery bag. 



3. C'ORYLUS. Fertile flowers 1-few on a leafy twig; nut (.015 to .02 long) enclosed in a 



tubular, leafy involucre, torn-fringed at tip. 



4. QUEKCUS. Fertile flowers solitary or 2-3 in a cluster ; fruit an acorn, i.e. a 1-seeded 



nut, enclosed in a cupule composed of imbricated bracts^ 



5. FAOrs. Fertile flowers 2-1, enclosed in an urn-shaped, 4-lobed involucre, connate with 



bases of numerous, linear bracts; nut triquetrous, enclosed in enlarged involucre. 



1. CARPI]\'rS, Touiii. Hornbeam. Iron Wood. 



Staminate fiowen in cylindrical, bracted catkins, bracts simple, 

 ovate. Stamens 6-12, inseited in the axil of the bract, anthers with 

 two, separate cells borne on the forks of the short filaments. Pistillate 

 floicern in ovoid, loose strobiles with 3, small, deciduous bracts around 

 each pair of open, leaf-like bractlets which form un involucre for the 

 siugle flower. Perigonium adherent to ovarj^, limb minute, 0-toothed. 

 Ovary with 2, 1-ovuled cells. Stigmas 2, filiform. Nutlet by abortion 

 1-cellcd, at base of open involucre, ribbed — Small trees. 



C Duiueiisiiii, Scop. 5 "^ to G. Leaves ovate to elliptical, acute, 

 doubly sen-ate, pubescent along nerves of lower surface Catkins termi- 

 nal, the sterile sessile, the fertile peduncled, ovoid, .02 to .03 long, .02 

 in diameter; leaves of fruiting involucre one-sided, ovate, serrate, .015 

 long, .01 broad; nutlet .003 long, ovate, mucronulate — Spring — 

 Lower and middle zones of Amanus, and northward. 



2, OSTRYA, Micheli. IIornoiiNBEAM. Iron AYood. 



StamiiKitc flowers in drooping, cylindrical catkins. Stamens 6 to 

 12, inserted at axil of bract; filaments short, forked, each branch bear- 

 ing :i 1-celled anther with a hairy tip. Pistillate floicers in a hop-like 

 strobile, a pair at the axil of each deciduous bract. Perigonium 

 adherent to the nutlet, Nvith a short, Ijearded tip, the whole enclosed in 



