nn 



Fig. 337. 



(a) Seed of a coni 

 far, showing the 

 axial, straight em- 

 bryo, surmounted by 

 its cotyledons. (6)The 

 stem in germination, 

 (c) The six cotyledons 

 with the plumule in 

 their midst. 



CONIFERS. (pine family.) 



calyx and corolla — Stamiiiate flowers. 

 Anthers adnate at base of bracts, usually 

 sessile or arranged along the axis of the 

 bractless catkin. Pistillate floiuers.OYvlQ^ 

 2, rarely numerous, orthotropous, situated 

 at base of inner surface of the scales of 

 the strobile, or solitary or twin in a fleshy 

 involucre with an open mouth. Seeds 

 naked, albuminous, erect or inverted, the 

 embryo in the axis, straight, antitropous, 

 cotyledons usually numerous, whorled. 



Tribe I. CUJP»ESSINE-iE, (Cypress Tribe) Sta- 

 minate catkins composed of opposite or ternately whorled scales. 

 Anthers 3-5, rarely two, nearly globular. Pistillate strobile 

 globular, composed of 4-14, opposite or ternately whorled scales, 

 free or connate at base, peltate, and in fruit coriaceous or fleshy, 

 and coalesced. Leaves opposite. 



1. CUPRESSUS. Monoecious. Strobile of 8-14, wcody, peltate 



scales. 



2. JUNIPEEUS, Dioecious or monoecious on separate branches- 



Strobile of 4-6, fleshy -scales, forming a sort oi 

 berry. 



Tribe II, TAXINEiE. (Yew Tribe.) Dioecious, Stamiiiate catlcins composed of 

 shield-shaped scales. Anthers 2-8, pendulous, 1-celled. Pistillate catJcin reduced to a fleshy 

 disk, subtended by bracts at base and surrounding the base of the naked seed, and in fmit 

 forming a simple or double cup partially enclosing the seed, 



3. TAXUS. Trees with nearly two-ranked, linear, flattened leaves. 



Tribe III. ABIETINEJX:. (Hemlock Family.) Monoecious. Stamiiiate catkins 

 terminal and axillary. Bracts numerous, spirally arranged around axis. Stamens 2 under 

 each bract, filaments short, anthers 2-celled, the connective ending in an awn or tubercle. 

 Pistillate catkins consisting of open, imbricated scales in the axilof a bract,the ovules 2 under 

 each scale, and adnate to its base, these catkins at maturity forming a cone, the leathery or 

 woody scales of which are persistent or caducous. Seeds winged or wingless, pendulous — 

 Trees [with linear or needle-shaped, flat, flattened-triquetrous, semiterete, or tetragonal 

 leaves, 



* Cones maturing the second or third year. 



4. PINUS. Leaves 2-several, needle-like, sheathed at base by scarious scales. 



5. OEDPvUS. Leaves 39-40, whorled at tip of twigs. 



* * Co7ies maturing in one year. 

 G. ABIES. Leaves scattered along the branches, linear, flat, obtuse, 



1. CUPRESSUS, Tourn. Cypress. Saru. 



Plowers monoecious on different branches. Staminate catlcins 

 oblong to oblong-cylindrical, the scales decussate, in 4 rows, nearly 

 peltate, bearing 2-4, sessile anther-cells under the lower margin. 

 Pistillate cathin globular, composed Of 8-14, at length woody, peltate 

 scales, mucronate at back, free, the upper sterile. Galhules maturing 



