CTPERACES. (SEDGE FAMILY.) 837 



triquetrous, scabridulous, -with a short, obtuse beak — April and May 

 — Fields and moist places ; common. 



10. C. Mediterraiiea, C. B. Clark. If .1 or more; root-stock 

 creeping; culm leafy, stout, triquetrous, smooth. Leaves scabrous, 

 the lower with broad, equitant, scarious-tawny-margined sheaths, 

 grooved-triquetrous, recurved; stem-leaves shorter than culm. Stami- 

 nate spikelets 2-3, cylindrical .03 to .035 long, with blackish brown 

 glumes; pistillate spikelets 2-3, oblong-cylindrical, .03 to .08 long, 

 .008 thick, bracts leaf -like, longer than spikelets; glumes oblong- 

 lanceolate, acute, greenish at centre, dark purple at margins, much 

 narrower than utricle, and a little longer ; utricle elliptical-orbicular, 

 triquetrous, ciliate-margined, abruptly apiculafe, with a terete, truncate 

 beak — April to June — Between Burmah and Gerash (Gilead) ; Lattakia. 



11. C echinata, Desf. 2|! Root-stock creeping, stoloniferous. 

 Culms stout, obtusely angled, with tawny sheaths at base. Leaves 

 long, rigid, broad-linear, flat, keeled, usually scabrous-margined. 

 Spike long, spikelets 4-10, erect, long, cylindrical, dense, the upper 3- 

 6 staminate, near together, subsessile, the rest pistillate, thicker, the 

 lowest often peduncled ; lower bracts leaf-like, much longer than spike- 

 let, upper short ; glumes linear-lanceolate, green, with tawny margins, 

 cuspidate or muticous, longer than fruit ; utricles erect, densely imbri- 

 cated, obovate, scabrous or glabrous, denticulate at margin, abruptly 

 beaked — Spring — Ditches and marshy places ; coast. 



12. C. maxima, Scop. 2f 1 or more; root fibrous; culms stout, 

 triquetrous, glabrous, leafy. Leaves linear, .007 to .009 broad, sca- 

 brous-margined. Staminate spikelet 1, rarely 2, terminal, .08 long; 

 pistillate spikelets 3-4, distant, curved and at length pendulous^ resem- 

 bling a catUn, .1 to .15 long, .005 thick, more or less peduncled ; lower 

 bracts leaf -like, as long as spikelet, upper subulate, short; glumes 

 ovate-lanceolate, buff-colored, mucronate, shorter than fruit; utricles 

 elliptical, green, smooth, triquetrous, short-beaked — Summer — Moist 

 and shady places; middle to subalpine Lebanon. 



13. C. acuta, Auct. If .5; root-stock stoloniferous; culms 

 acutely triquetrous, scabrous. Leaves light green, linear, tapering, sca- 

 brous. Staminate spikelets 2-3, erect, sessile, approximated ; pistillate 

 spikelets 2-4, cylindrical, more or less peduncled, the lower often nodding; 

 bracts leafy, short-2-auricled at base, the lowest longer than spikelet ; 

 glumes lanceolate, acute, blaclc with a white nerve, narrower than fruit ; 

 utricles somewhat stipitate, elliptical, biconvex, with a short, slender 

 beak — June — Marshes. 



14. C. §ylvatica, Huds. 2f .5 to .7; roots fibrous; culms erect, 

 slender, triquetrous, smooth, leafy. Leaves pale green, linear, .004 

 broad, rather shorter than culm. Spikelets 4-6, the terminal one 

 (rarely two) staminate, .025 to .03 long, .003 broad; the other pistil- 

 late remote, loiig-jjedimcled, cylindrical, .03 to .04 long, .005 broad, 

 loose; bracts leaf -like, longer than spiMets; glumes lanceolate, cuspi- 

 date, with a green heel and tchitish margins, shorter than fruit ; utricles 

 green, ovate-triquetrous, with a beak as long as they ending in a 

 scarious, bifid mouth — June — Galilee ; Lebanon. 



15. C. extcnsa, Good. If .5 to .7; root fibrous; culms erect, 

 glabrous, obscurely triquetrous. Leaves pale, rigid, convolute-grooved, 



