334 cxxix. PiNACEJE (Stapf). [Widdritigtonia. 



2-15 pollen-sacs, squamiform or more or less differentiated into a 

 claw or stalk (filament) and a variously modified and often much 

 reduced blade [connective) ; pollen-grains with or without vesicular 

 appendages. Female cones terminal or axillary ; scales very 

 numerous or few, sometimes only a part of them fertile, simple or 

 with a scale- or ligule-like suprabasal appendage (ovuliferoyfi scale) 

 on the upper adaxial side, the fertile bearing 1-8 ovules direct or 

 on the ovuliferous scale ; ovules erect or more often inverted, always 

 shorter than their scales and covered by them; integument 1. 

 Mature cones mostly developed as typical " cones " with enlarged 

 indurated scales or the scales proper arrested and their appendages 

 enlarged, more rarely the mature scales fleshy and the cone owing 

 to their fusion at length berry-like (galbule). Seeds always enclosed, 

 winged by the adhesion of a portion of the ovuliferous scale, or by 

 wing-like expansions of the testa ; testa crustaceous to woody 

 without an aril or arilloid covering. — Shrubs or trees ; leaves spirally 

 arranged or in whorls, needle-like or linear or lanceolate to ovate or 

 squamiform, mostly evergreen. 



Genera 25-30, with 250-300 species, mostly in the temperate zone of the 

 northern hemisphere. 



Mature cones woody, dehiscing with 4 very thick valves J . Widdeingtonia. 



Mature cones fleshy, berry-like (^aifewk*) 2. Junipebus. 



1. WIDDRINQTONIA, Endl. Cat. Hort. Vindob. i. 209. 



Dioecious. Male cones small, terminal, solitary, sessile ; scales 

 decussately opposite, rhomboid-deltoid, produced into an upwards 

 rapidly decreasing beak, with 2-6 dorsal pollen-sacs at the base. 

 Pollen-grains globose, without appendages. Female cones small, 

 axillary, sessile, lax or in dense, sometimes much reduced and short 

 spikes, scattered along elongated shoots ; scales opposite in 2 alter- 

 nating pairs, divaricate at the time of pollination, then closing up, 

 corky-coriaceous, apiculate ; ovules 5 or more at the base of each 

 scale, erect, with a single integument. Mature cones woody, ovoid 

 or globose, opening with 4 very thick erect valves corresponding to 

 the 4 scales. Seeds few, erect ; ovoid or 3-gonous ; testa crustaceous, 

 winged. Embryo axile ; cotyledons 2.- — Evergreen trees. Leaves 

 passing from a spiral arrangement in the juvenile state and long- 

 shoots to a strictly decussate-opposite arrangement in the adult 

 state (except the long-shoots), acicular in the juvenile form, squami- 

 form and tightly appressed in the adult. Cones the size of a small 

 plum, usually in lateral clusters. 



Species 4, in South Africa and the mountains of southern tropical Africa. 



1. W. Whytei, Renrlle in Trans. Linn. Soc. ser. 2, Bot. iv. 60, t. 9, 

 Jigs. 6-11. A tall tree up to 140 ft. high ; trunk up to over 6 ft. 



