336 cxxix. PiNACE^ (Stapf). [Juniperus. 



peltate with 2-6 dorsal pollen-sacs near the base ; pollen-grains 

 globose, without appendages. Female cones very small at the 

 time of pollination ; scales in 2-4 series, opposite or in whorls of 3, 

 imbricate, free or more or less connate below, wath or without a fleshy 

 cushion-like thickening on the inner surface, the lower and often 

 also the uppermost barren ; ovules 2-1 in front of each fertile scale 

 or alternating with the nearest scales, erect, with a single integument. 

 Mature cones {galbules) berry-like, formed l)y the fusion of the scales 

 which become more or less fleshy during maturation. Seeds few 

 to 1, usually entirely enclosed in the galbules, free, rarely united 

 into a several-celled false putamen ; testa coriaceous to bony. Em- 

 bryo axile ; cotyledons 2-3, very rarely more. — Evergreen shrubs 

 or trees. Leaves opposite or in whorls of 3, acicular or scpiamiform, 

 frequentlv heteromorphous — acicular in the juvenile and squami- 

 form in the adult state. Cones axillary or terminal on usually short 

 branchlets. Galbules dark blue or reddish-brown, from the size 

 of a pea to that of a walnut. 



8})ccics about 30, in the nortlicrn hemisphere, some extending to the moun- 

 tains of the tropical regions. 



1. J. procera, Ilochst. ex A. Rich. Tent. Ft. Abijss. ii. 278. A 

 tall tree up to over 100 ft. high, often with a straight trunk up to 

 over 3 ft. in diam. and a loose top ; ultimate ramifications of the 

 adult plant slender, under J lin. in diam. Leaves of juvenile state 

 acicular, 3-41 lin. long, of adult state scjuamiform, in whorls of 3 or, 

 more usually, decussately opposite ; those of the older branches 

 with triangular to ovate acutely acuminate and pungent free blades, 

 up to over 1 lin, long, and more or less square decurrent bases, those 

 of the penultimate and ultimate branchlets squamiform, loosely 

 appressed so that the contour of the branchlets is broken (zigzag), 

 with ovate-lanceolate to lanceolate acute dorsally strongly convex 

 free blades and somewhat shorter triangular decurrent bases, the 

 whole leaf J-1 lin. long, green, with a linear to linear-oblong resin- 

 gland on the back. Male cones solitary and terminal on branchlets 

 of the ultimate and penultimate order, usually very copious, ellipsoid- 

 globose, 1-lJ lin. long, ebracteate and subsessile in the cup formed 

 by the uppermost foliage-leaves ; scales in about 6 decussate pairs, 

 ovate-rotundate or rotundate, obtuse or subapiculate ; pollen-sacs 

 2-3. Female cones solitary and terminal on branchlets of the 

 ultimate and penultimate order, much less copious than the male, 

 subglobose, about | lin. in diam. at the time of pollination, sessile 

 in the cup formed by the uppermost foliage leaves ; sxiales in 3-4 

 decussate imbricate pairs, broad-ovate, obtuse or obtusely apiculate, 

 with a thick fleshy cushion on the inner (upper) face (or the lower 

 pair without it), extending to or beyond the middle, or in the upper- 

 most pair the whole scale fleshy ending in an obtuse boss, the scale- 



