244 Lxx. RUBiACE^ (hiern). [liuhid. 



by abortion 1 -celled. Style bilobed, short ; stigmas subcapitate ; 

 ovules solitary, attached at the base of the septum, erect, amphitropous. 

 Fruit didymous, fleshy, 2-1-celled. Seeds suberect, adhering to the 

 pericarp ; radicle inferior. — Scabrous herbs with verticillate quasi-exsti- 

 pulate leaves and small flowers arranged in axillary and terminal cymes. 

 A genus of moderate size, occurring in the temperate and tropical regions of the 

 ■world. 



Leaves petiolate, usually cordate at the base. 



Corolla rotate. Leaves of the same colour on both surfaces . Li?, cordi folia. 

 Corolla subcampanulate. Leaves hoary-tomentose beneath , 2. R. discolor. 

 Leaves sessile, not cordate [i?. tinctorurn]. 



1. R. cordifolla, lAnn. 8yst. Nat., Edit. xii. app. torn. 3, p. 229, 

 non Hochst. A scabrous creeping perennial herb. Branches 'elon- 

 gated, tetragon ous. Leaves cordate- lanceolate or -ovate, acuminate or 

 acnte, submembranous, quaternate, petiolate, of the same colour on 

 the two surfaces, 3-5-nerved, ^IJ by ^-^ in. or larger ; petioles about 

 as long as the leaves or longer. Corolla rotate, 5^-lobed. 



Wile Aand. Karague, (red madder ; clinging plant) Speke and Grant .' 

 Occurs also in South Africa and is widely distributed in Asia. 



2. XI. discolor, Turcz. Fl. Baical.-Dahur. i: p. 528. A scabrous 

 scandent perennial herb. Branches quadrangular, at length subterete. 

 Leaves ovate- cordate, hoary-tomentose beneath, acuminate or apicu- 

 late, submembranous, quaternate, petiolate, 3-5-nerved, ^-2 by J-I5 in. ; 

 petioles as long as the leaves or shorter. Corolla subcampanulate, 

 5-lobed. — B. cordifolia, Hochst. in Hb. Schimp. Abyss, i. n. 24 ; A. 

 Bich. Fl. Abyss, i . p. 344 ; non Linn. ; R. Braunii, Hochst. in Flora 

 1841, i. App. p. 27 (name only). 



Srile Xiand. Abyssinia, Schimper! and others ; Upper Nile, beyond 2^° N. lat. ; 

 fide Schweinf. et Ascher. Enum. p. 282. Abyssinian names " Schankoeh" " Schenenn^''* 

 " Sankka." 



Rubia tinctorurn, Linn., is cultivated in Abyssinian gardens for economic purposes. 



78. GALIUM, Linn. ; Benth. et Hook. f. Gen. PI. ii. p. 149. 



Calyx-tube subglobose ; limb obsolete. Corolla rotate ; lobes 4, 

 valvate in the bud. Stamens 4, inserted on the tube of the corolla ; 

 filaments short ; anthers short, exserted. Disk annular. Ovary 2- 

 celled ; styles 2, short ; stigmas subcapitate ; ovules solitary, attached 

 to the septum, amphitropous. Fruit didymous, coriaceous, smooth 

 rugose or tuberculate, glabrous or hispid. Seeds suberect ; embryo 

 curved ; radicle elongated, terete, inferior. — Annual or perennial 

 herbs, with angular branches, verticillate quasi- exstipulate sessile 

 leaves and small hermaphrodite or polygamous flowers arranged in 

 ebracteate terminal or axillary cymes. 



A large genus of many critical species widely scattered over the world. 

 Leaves 3-nerved, 4 in a whorl. 



Flowers yellow. Leaves ovate-elliptical, acuminate- 



apiculate I. G. BiafrcB. 



Flowers white. Leaves oval, cuspidate-raucronate . . 2. G. rotundifolium. 

 Leaves 1 -nerved, 6-9 in a whorl. 



Flowers white or greenish, in terminal panicles and 

 in axillary cjones. 



