Valenanella.] lxxit. valerianeje (eiern). 249 



&c., which paper may be constilted for further synonyms and infor- 

 motion, 



»ile Xiand. Abyssinia, in fields 8,500-9,300 ft. alt. Schimper! Q. Dillon, Ant. 

 Petit, Bilppell. 



Widely dispersed in cultivated ground over "Western and Southern Europe, and 

 the East. Probably the same as tJie Cape species. 



Cf. Boiss. Fl. Orient, iii. pp. 104-5(1875). 



Order LXXII. DIPSACE-ffl. (By W. P. Hiern.) 



Flowers hermaphrodite, irregular or snbregular, capitate. Calyx- 

 tube tubular, adoate to the ovary at least at the base or narrowed at 

 the apex into a neck adnate to the base of the style ; limb superior, 

 cup-shaped subentire or dentate, sometimes terminating in setaceous 

 lobes. Corolla inserted at the top of the calyx-tube, gamopetalous, 

 tubular, more or less funnel-shaped, 4-5-lobed ; lobes usually unequal, 

 imbricated in aestivation ; the outer corollas often radiate. Stamens 

 4, inserted on the corolla, alternating with its lobes ; filaments (in 

 Tropical African species) free, incurved in the bud, sometimes didy- 

 namous, 2 sometimes without anthers ; anthers introrse, 2-celled, 

 deciduous; cells dehiscing longitudinally; pollen smooth, 4-8ided. 

 Ovary l-celled, included within the tube of the calyx ; ovule solitary, 

 pendulous, anatropous ; style terminal, filiform, simple bidentate or 

 dilated. Fruit 1-seeded, dry, indehiscent, within the tube of the calyx, 

 surrounded by the involucel ; seed inverted ; testa thinly membranous ; 

 albumen scanty, fleshy; embryo straight, in the axis of the albu- 

 men, cotyledons subfoliaceous, radicle short, superior. — Annual 

 biennial or perennial herbs or sometimes shrubby ; stem and branches 

 nodose-articulated ; leaves opposite or very rarely verticillate. simple, 

 entire dentate or pinnate-lobed, sessile and amplexicaul, often con- 

 nate at the base or petiolate, exstipulate ; heads involucrate or naked ; 

 each flower enclosed in a calj'^x-like persistent involucel. 



An Order of rather small size found chiefly in the Mediterranean region and at the 

 Cape of Good Hope. 



Calyx-limb subcyathiforra or discoid. 



Involucral scales longer than the palese of the receptacle. 



Aculeate or setose biennials 1. Dipsaccs. 



Involucral scales shorter than the paleaeof the receptacle. 



Glabrous or hispid perennials 2. Cephalahia. 



Calyx- limb setose or pa ppose-plumosfr 3. Scabiosa. 



1. DIPSACUS, Tourn. ; Benth. et Hook. f. Gen. PI. ii. p. 158. 



Oalyx-tube adnate to the ovary, narrowed at the apex ; limb cup- 

 shaped. Corolla 4.1obed, funnel-shaped ; lobes short, unequal. Sta- 

 mens 4 ; filaments free. Ovary inferior. Stigma dilated, obliquely 

 decurved. — Erect stout biennial herbs, setose or spinulose, with angular 

 branches. Leaves opposite, frequently connate at the base, dentate or 

 laciniate. Flowers capitate, inserted on a common receptacle, palea- 

 ceous ; heads involucrate, terminal, subglobose or pyramidal. Scales 



