260 LXXIII. COMPOSIT^E (OLIVER AND HIEPN). 



auricles obtuse or acute or mucronate, not tailed. Style of the disk- 

 florets obtuse, short. Achenes usually thick ; pappus paleaceous or 

 coroniform or wanting. — Herbaceous or somewhat shrubby, with alter- 

 nate or radical leaves, yellow or purple disk-florets, and yellow purple 

 or white rays. 



Capitula separate, not collected into heads, radiate. 

 Involucral bracts free, the inner ones at least broadly 

 scarious. 

 Ray-florets neuter. Receptacle paleaceous . . . .89. Ursinia. 

 Ray-florets female. Receptacle alveolate, naked or 

 fimbrillate. 

 Achenes not winged. 

 Achenes glabrous. Pappus minute or short . . 90. Landtia. 

 Achenes with a basal tuft of silky hairs. Pap- 

 pus paleaceous, conspicuous 91. Haplocabpha. 



Achenes with lateral curved wings enclosing 



dorsal cavities 92. Abctotis. 



Involucral bracts connate at the base or higher, acute 

 or spinous. 

 Receptacle shortly alveolate. Involucral bracts 

 connate two-thirds way up. Leaves not 



bristle-pointed 93. Gazaku. 



Receptacle deeply alveolate. Involucral bracts 

 connate only at the base. Leaves bristle- 

 pointed , ... 94. Bebxheya. 



Capitula collected in a dense head, discoid 95. Platycahpha. 



Tribe XT. Csnaaroldeae. Capitula homogamous or rarely hetero- 

 gamous with larger neuter ray-florets in one row. Involucral bracts in 

 many rows, imbricated, usually terminating in a spine or scarious ap- 

 pendix. Receptacle setose. Corollas all 5-cleft or -partite. Anther- 

 base sagittate; auricles connate, mucronate or with fimbriate tails. 

 Styles (of the hermaphrodite florets) with short, narrow, rather obtuse ■ 

 branches, usually with a ring of hairs below the fork. Achenes 

 usually hard setose or narrowly paleaceous in several rows or 0. — . 

 Herbs often spinous with alternate or radical leaves and red yellow or 

 white flowers, occasionally dioecious. 



Capitida 1 -flowered, collected into heads 96. Echinops. 



Capitula many-flowered, separate. 

 Achenes with a nearly central horizontal callus at the 

 base. Setae of the pappus connate into a ring at 

 the base. 



Setae of the pappus barbellate 97. Cabdttus. 



Setae of the pappus plumose 98. Cnicus. 



Achenes with an oblique or lateral callus at the base. 

 Setae or paleae of the pappus not connate at the 

 base or 0. 



Involucre naked at the base 99. Centatjbba. 



Involucre girt at the base with floral leaves . . . 100. Cabthamtjs. 



Tribe XII. SXutislaoeeB. Capitula homogamous with all the 

 florets tubular and hermaphrodite, or with the outer florets bilabiate, or 

 heterogamous radiate with the ray-florets female or neuter, sometimes J 

 bilabiate. Involucral bracts in many or few rows, imbricated. Re- " 



